Thursday, October 31, 2019

Argument Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Argument Analysis - Essay Example Lipsky-Karazs article is based on the premise that everyone wishes to know how Vera Wang went from fashion designer for Lothars on 57th street to the almost a billion dollars a year fashion power house that she has now become. She provides factual information to help her theme along by interviewing those whom she feels knows Ms. Wang best. These would be the people who saw her get her start in the business. People like fashion leader Michael Kors talk about seeing her when she was getting started in the business. Fashion editor Polly Allen Mellen also shared her insights into how Vera was shaped into the person she has become. Part of what makes this article an excellent and insightful read is that Ms. Lipsky-Karasz never tried to interpret her interviewees point of view. She simply told the story ad verbatim. No comments or suppositions. However, she did have an early â€Å"The Devil Wears Prada† moment at the the start of the article, giving the reader a sense of fear for the little woman that was never to be given reason within the article. By using Ms. Wangs personal interview tidbits whenever applicable, the writer gives credence to any assumptions that she has made about Ms. Wang. Thus making her interpretations pertaining to the actions of the fashion goddess acceptable and effective in an overall sense. The author has obviously targeted the fashion conscious women of the world who look to Vera Wang fashions as part of their lifestyles. The article tries and succeeds in pulling its target audience into the frenzied and often crazy world of fashion that Ms. Wang thrives in and excels the most. Much as the article places a highly positive spin on Vera Wang the fashion designer and personality, it became quite obvious later on that the interview was turning into a fluff piece, without a negative comment ever being said about Ms. Wang. It is hard to believe that Ms. Wang had not made any

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Learning Team Internal and External Factors Paper Essay Example for Free

Learning Team Internal and External Factors Paper Essay Amongst today’s societies The McDonalds Corporations is considered one of many; that has successfully in so many ways used a combination of various marketing strategies and skills to become a globally known successful origination. McDonalds a global business in most countries around the world can also face a lot of challenges and issues. The McDonalds Corporations has learned and brought about changes according to the needs of its consumers per hour and should always remain flexible to changes within the environment that deals with current customer trends, government and or legal restrictions, and the development of technology. The McDonalds Corporations technology structural and also its financial assets of the company are perfect marketing positions. McDonalds without a doubt is completely abundant with many aspects in structure, finance and of course technology. To help, identify and implement majority of these assets within the proper directions towards the improvement of the corporations would be all that is needed. The McDonalds Corporations overall is producing their main product, creating items within their own kitchen, and cooking on their own grills. This means the use of equipment, certain control devices, the regulation of temperature, the business point-of sales system, inventory process, financial and communication information are all linked into different technology that impacts the corporation. Now with public awareness of technology and cultures more people are starting to become a little more health conscious, and have access to finding out about certain quality ingredients, and knowing the lack of minerals that may have an overall negative impact on what all fast foods have done to those who consume them. Along with maximizing knowledge on internal and external factors this will have a large impact on the four major function of management within a corporation. The McDonalds Corporations has goals that are reflected in its mission statement to become for some customers a favorite place to eat. There are several internal and external factor’s McDonald’s faces in the decision they made to go Global. External f actors  for the decision to go Global include the following. 1.)The growing heath trends of consumers 2.)The ability to expand into new markets such as India and China 3.)The diversification and purchase of other fast food restaurants 4.)The global growth of the fast food industry 5.)Worldwide deregulation (Salem, Abdullah, 2009) These external factors impacted the four functions of management for McDonald’s managers, by forcing management to adjust the planning function and information to include a mission that was based on a global demand and competition. The organizing function of management with in McDonalds was also affected by the decision to go global. Management now has to organize information, people, and financial resources crossed countries and cultures to achieve one common goal. The function a leading for a management changed also. Now, styles and type of leading and motiving had to be localized and customized around the culture rather than one specialized way of doing things. Controlling or measuring achievements in with in the global industry also changed as franchisees are now faced with measuring success based on others in different markets. Internal factors also played a part in McDonald’s decision to go global and those factors have also affected the four functions of manageme nt for their managers. Some internal factors include: 1.)The desire for a strong brand name, image, and reputation 2.)A large market share 3.)The desire for a global presence 4.)A stronger financial performance and position 5.)Introduction of new products 6.)Customer focus (Salem, Abdullah, 2009) These internal factors also had an effect on the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling functions of management within McDonald’s. Competing in a Global market makes managers think, act, gather and process information on a larger scale to achieve a goal. Diversity The evolution of McDonald’s Corporation toward diversity as a business objective began in the late 1970’s, when the corporation officially  established an Affirmative Action Department, which today is known as the Diversity Initiative Department (Anonymous, 2005). Numerous factors can affect the four major functions of management; this section will focus on how diversity can affect planning, organizing, leading and controlling within the McDonalds Corporation. Diversity in the workplace is more than a person’s race or ethnic background it also includes personality, gender, education, position in the organization, etc. The major obstacle for McDonald’s management continues to be age, gender, ethnic background and education. Diversity management involves a three-stage process: (Tetteh, 2014) †¢Identification Stage †¢Implementation Stage †¢Maintenance Stage McDonald’s management must identify where the diversity mixture is and decided on the appropriate action to ensure workplace harmony and productivity. This will be accomplished through proper training and communication with all employees. Learning to effectively communicate with the various groups within each location will be very important to the success of the team within each restaurant. Implementing effective processes that ensure each diverse group is accommodated is crucial to the process. McDonalds as a corporation does a great job helping and engaging their management and employee’s to ensure proper implementation by offering education and career development seminars, various gender based seminars, second language courses etc. Maintain and improving these processes will ensure that McDonald’s stays current and relevant to the groups each manager has identified within their department. McDonald’s continually re-evaluates its initiatives to ensure they are in line with their business and current employee base. McDonalds ensures diversity is properly managed within their organization by including diversity in the business planning process. This allows the company and its managers to treat diversity as an initiative rather than a program; it’s naturally incorporated into the business plan (Anonymous, 2005). Ethics When it comes the Functions of Management, you must condsider which parts may be corrupted by ethical issues. Two areas that maybe prone to be affected  are the Leading and Organizing Funtions. In building a dynamic organization you must find a diverse group of people, with different ethical baskgrouds, to fill the different postions in it. You would also want to get them up to speed with you organizations ethical views. If you take a company like McDonald’s you can find out what they do to ensure this. Now McDonalds is committed to conducting business ethically and in compliance with the letter and spirit of the law. This commitment is reflected in McDonalds Values. Inherent in each value is our commitment to be ethical, truthful and dependable and this is reflected through their Standards of Business Conduct, which serves as a guide to making good decisions and conducting business ethically. Each year McDonalds employees are required to re-certify that they have read and will abide by the standards that McDonalds has set through the Standards of Business Conduct. Employees complete regular training on the Standards, anti-bribery laws, and various other laws, regulations and company-specific policies. McDonalds and its employees in all countries must comply with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (McDonalds: Standards Of Business Conduct For Employees, n.d.). References Salem, F., Abdullah, M., (2009) McDonalds case study. http://www.scribd.com/doc/16050821/McDonalds-Case-Study McDonalds: Standards of Business Conduct for Employees. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/investors/corporate_governance/codes_of_conduct/standards_of_business_conduct.html Bateman, T. S., Snell, S. A. (2011). Management: Leading collaborating in a competitive world (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Anonymous, . (2005, November). Diversity at McDonalds: A way of life. Nations Restaurant News, 1(), 92, 94-95 Tetteh, Vanessa A. (2014, January 1). Diversity in the Workplace. Research Starters, p. 1.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Case Study Of Downs Syndrome

Case Study Of Downs Syndrome Paul Z is a 30 year old man who has a Learning Disability and Downs syndrome. He lives at home with Mrs Z, his mother who is his main carer and 18 year old sister S who goes to Sixth Form College and hopes to go to University. Mrs Z is devoted to Paul and gave up her part time job when he left school twelve years ago to look after him full time. Mrs Z who was widowed two years ago has recently been prescribed anti-depressants by her GP as she was not sleeping well and finding life difficult to cope with. Paul is able to complete his personal care and dresses himself appropriately, although he does sometimes need prompting or supervising depending on his mood that day. Mrs Z finds it very difficult to leave Paul at home for any length of time even though he is likely to be able to cope on his own for a few hours. She will occasionally leave him with his younger sister S but she has exams and a very full social life of her own. Neither has Mrs Z been willing to allow Paul to access community based activities, other than the Day Centre which he attends two days per week, because she fears for his safety. Paul really enjoys the Day Centre where he has been given his own shelf in the greenhouse and a patch of garden where he grows flowers and vegetables which he takes home to eat. Paul would like to increase his social activities, develop his independent living skills and have access to a bigger garden to grow more vegetables and to possible sell them. Pauls interests include watching films, reading comic books and playing computer games and football. He also enjoys swimming and accompanies Mrs Z when she goes. Paul is very sociable and well liked by all who meet him. Mrs Z does not drive and both she and Paul are dependent on public transport. Paul requires support when in the community as he could be extremely vulnerable if left on his own because of his friendly and trusting nature. Paul has a good understanding of everyday things but due to his learning disability tends to make decisions based on his every day experience and eagerness to please and may not have necessarily understood or taken into account all the information which might affect the decision. He can appear to have a better understanding of things than he has and he needs to be supported when making more complex decisions. Paul is also very difficult to understand verbally and uses his own language with a form of Makaton and picture Symbols. When he becomes anxious or worried he can be aggressive even towards those who he knows well. Also due to his poor communication skills he finds expressing himself very difficult. 3 practice related questions: In the context of Pauls circumstances provide a critical analysis of: Which types of assessments would need to be implemented, how these would be most appropriately conducted and by whom The first assessment that would need to be implemented would be an assessment of Pauls need for community care services. As Paul has a learning disability and Downs syndrome, there will be assessment barriers that need to be taken account for and overcome to enable Paul to participate fully in the assessment process. In addition this will ensure that the relevant and necessary information is gathered to accurately assess Pauls need for community care services. As described Paul has poor verbal communication skills, this could make it difficult for Paul to express himself during the assessment process. Furthermore Paul may need help in making sense of and understanding information, this would need to be addressed to maintain Pauls full involvement and level of understanding in the assessment and for any decision. Pauls challenging behaviour would need to be taken into account so not to cause harm to him or others. Pauls assessment would normally be conducted by a social worker from Pauls local social services department (NHS Choices, 2009). The social worker would need to find ways of dealing with these potential barriers before the assessment takes place. Paul communicates using his own language; with this in mind it may be appropriate to have someone who knows Paul well to be part of the assessment so they are able to interpret the information to the assessor. Pauls mother or sister could do this Alternative communication-picture symbols social worker could use these/interper however Paul is eager to please so may tell interviewer/social worker what they want to hear. May be case if mum/sister is present so an independent advocate may be advisable. As Paul can get aggressive-build the relationship up before assessment. Carers assessment Mothers own s47 assessment The issues relating to risk, proportionate response and capacity Risk assessment, vulnerable adult, MCA, IMCA How you would work to promote Pauls independence and his right to make his own choices, with whom would you cooperate to achieve this and which theoretical perspectives would inform your practice. Person centred planning-Valuing people Social model of disability 3 Legal Questions: What statutory duties, if any, does the local authority have in respect of assessing and providing community care services to Paul and/or Mrs Z? Please identify the relevant legislation. In respect of assessing Paul, the local authority under Section 47(1) of the National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990, has a duty to assess his needs and depending on the result of that assessment, will decide whether Pauls needs call for the provision of community care services. As Brayne and Carr (2010, pp.541) states there are two clear steps that are required by s.47(1)-an information gathering exercise and a decision making process. During the decision making process, the Local Authority will follow the guidance set by the Fair Access to Care Services Guidance for Adult Social Care Needs issued by the Department of Health in the Local Authority Circular 2002 (LAC 2002 13). The eligibility criteria is based on the risk to independence caused by an individuals presenting needs. End with saying about cc services to link to next paragraph. Community Care services are a range of services that are generally provided by social services to enable the people who are receiving them to remain living within the community rather than moving, for example into residential care (Clements and Thompson, 2007). The main statue that directs community based services is Section 29 of the National Assistance Act 1948. This gives local authorities the power and duty to provide domiciliary care services to disabled people who fall within the definition as defined by the act and who are in need of such services. Services can be provided within the service users home or elsewhere, such as a day centre. As Paul has a learning disability and Downs syndrome, he would be eligible for these services. Under s.29 of the NAA 1948, Paul could receive arrangements to support him with gaining independent living skills, services for recreational and social activities and assistance with setting up his own business so he could sell his vegetables. Paul, under s.29 of the NAA 1948, is defined as being disabled and therefore Local Authorities have further power and duties to provide services under Section 2 of the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970. This section offers a wide range of services that could be available to Paul. He could benefit from outings outside of his home, assistance with travel arrangements for such outings, practical assistance within his home and holidays. Mrs Z is Pauls main full time carer and so would be entitled to an assessment under Section 1 of the Carers and Disabled Children Act 2000, of her own needs in terms of her ability to provide and to continue to provide care for Paul. A carer, as described in the legislation, is an individual who provides or intends to provide a substantial amount of care on a regular basis for another individual aged 18 or over. Within s.1 of the CDCA 2000, Mrs Z, would still be eligible for an carers assessment even if Paul was to refuse a community care assessment himself. The local authority involved in this case, has a statutory duty, under the Carers (Equal Opportunities) Act 2004, to inform Mrs Z of her right to an assessment and must take in to consideration whether Mrs Z works or wishes to work or would like to undertake any education, training or leisure activities. The results of Mrs Zs assessment would be considered during the decision making process of Pauls need for the provision of community care services. If Paul was going to be placed in residential care what statutory duties or powers does the local authority have to place him in residential care, and what statutory duties does the local authority have in respect of the choice of accommodation. Would your answer differ if Paul lacked mental capacity to decide where he should live? If Paul was going to be place in residential care, the local authority has a duty to provide this under Section 21 of the National Assistance Act 1948. Within this act it states that residential accommodation must be provided for persons aged eighteen or over who by reasons of age, illness, disability or any other circumstances are in need of care and attention which is not available. Once Paul has been assessed as eligible for accommodation As Clements and Thompson (2007, pp.222-223) states the NAA 1948 (Choice of Accommodation) Directions 1992 constitute one of the few examples of genuine choice that individuals have in relation to their community care services. The NAA 1948 (Choice of Accommodation) Directions 1992- gives individuals genuine choice that individuals have in relation to their community care services. When they are engaged, the directions give service users a legal right to choose setting of their residential care. Once a social services authority has assessed a person as eligible for accommodation under NAA 1948, S21, it is then obliged to make arrangements to accommodate that person in a care home of his or her choice provided that the conditions in direction 3 of the NAA 1948 (Choice of Accommodation) Directions 1992 (as amended) are satisfied. S1(2) MCA 2005 -presumption of capacity S2 MCA 2005 Decision must be time and issue specific. S4 MCA 2005 if lacks mental capacity then a best interest decision is required c)In the context of the case study please identify any vulnerable adults and say why and in what circumstances you consider them to be vulnerable. What assessments if any would you carry out and what measures if any would you put in place to protect them? Critically analyse which other individuals and/or agencies, if any, you would involve in the safeguarding process. Assessment There are a number of statutes that deal with the matter of assessment. The overarching duty on local authorities is set out in the NHS and Community Care Act 1990. NHS and Community Care Act 1990 Section 47(1). This imposes a duty on local authorities to carry out an assessment of need for community care services with people who appear to them to need such services and then, having regard to that assessment, decide whether those needs call for the provision by them of services. An assessment is triggered where : The person appears to be someone for whom community care services could be provided and The persons circumstances may need the provision of some community care services There are a number of other Acts which deal with the matter of assessment: The NHS and Community Care Act 1990 Section 47(2). If, during the Section 47(1) assessment the person is identified as being disabled *, that person has additional rights as set out in Section 47(2). This requires local authorities to make a decision as to the services required under Section 4 of the Disabled Persons (Services and Consultation and Representation) Act 1986. Note: * see Section 29, National Assistance Act 1948 below Disabled Persons (Services and Consultation and Representation) Act 1986 Section 4. This imposes a duty on local authorities to decide whether the needs of a disabled person call for the provision by the Local Authority of any services in accordance with Section 2(1) of the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970. National Assistance Act 1948 Section 29 (1). To qualify for services under this Section persons must be:   Ã‚  Ã‚  aged 18 or over who are blind, deaf, or dumb, or who suffer from mental disorder of any description, and other persons aged 18 or over who are substantially and permanently handicapped by illness, injury, congenital deformity or such other disabilities as may be prescribed by the Minister. The definition of disabled person should be interpreted in this context to mean people over 18 years who have a permanent and substantial disability such as learning disability, physical disability, sensory impairment, mental health difficulties, chronic illness or any combination of these. LAC(93) 10 Appendix 4 asks councils to give a wide interpretation to the term substantial to take full account of individual circumstances and a flexible interpretation to the term permanent in cases where they are uncertain of the duration of the condition. Examples include episodic or recurring illness, intermittent disability / conditions. People who are disabled within the terms of this definition are not obliged to register with the Department, nor is access to assessment and services dependent on registration. Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons (CSDP) Act 1970 Section 2. This places a duty on local Authorities to assess the individual needs of everyone who falls within Section 29 of the National Assistance Act 1948 above. back to top Assessment of Carers The Carers and Disabled Children Act 2000 Section 1. This section gives carers, aged 16 or over, the right to an assessment of their ability to provide care or continue to provide care: Where they provide or intend to provide a substantial amount of care on a regular basis for another individual 18 or over And the local council is satisfied that the person cared for is someone for whom it may provide or arrange for the provision of community care services. This right exists even where the person cared for has refused an assessment by the local council social services department or has refused the delivery of community care services following an assessment. Note: The Carers and Disabled Children Act 2000 will only rarely be used by councils looking at the needs of 16 and 17 year old carers. Where it is used in these circumstances the assessment must be child centred and follow the guidance set out in the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families (paragraphs 3.61 to 3.63.) (Ref The Carers and Disabled Children Act 2000 policy and practice guidance). The Carers and Disabled Children Act 2000 Section 6 . This section provides that a person with parental responsibility for a disabled child has the right to an assessment from the local authority of their ability to provide (and to continue to provide) care for the child. The local authority must take that assessment into account when deciding what services, if any, to provide under section 17 of the Children Act 1989. (Ref The Carers and Disabled Children Act 2000 policy and practice guidance). Disabled Persons (Services Consultation and Representation) Act 1986 Section 8. Carers also have rights under this section which requires local councils to have regard to the ability of the carer to provide or continue to provide care when deciding what services to provide to the disabled person. In these circumstances the assessment of the cared for person must take account of the carer situation and record this as part of the assessment of the cared for person. This requirement exists even where the caring role is not of a regular or substantial nature. back to top Mental Health Act 1983, section 117 requires a local authority jointly with the Health Authority to provide aftercare services for people leaving hospital after being compulsorily detained. It is implicit in such a duty that a process of assessment must be undertaken prior to discharge to identify needs and how they will be met. The delivery of all mental health services is framed within the Care Programme Approach (CPA) which provides the framework for all patients, both in hospital and in the community. Among the key elements of the CPA are: Systematic arrangements for assessing peoples health and social care needs The formulation of a care plan which addresses those needs The appointment of a Care Co-ordinator Regular review of the care plan. Other specific assessment requirements within Mental Health are determined by Sections 2, 3, 4 and 7 of the 1983 Mental Health Act. These sections require an Approved Social Worker to undertake an assessment of an individuals mental health along with key health colleagues. back to top Provision of Services Fair Access to Care Services and the Duty To Provide Once a community care assessment is carried out, councils need to make decisions about whether to provide support or not to individuals. Fair Access to Care Services (FACS) provides councils with an eligibility framework for adult social care to identify whether or not the duty to provide services under the following legislation is triggered. (Ref. Fair Access to Care Services policy and practice guidance). The duty on social services to provide or arrange services is triggered only for those people with eligible needs that is needs above the threshold for services line. The national FACS policy LAC (2002)13 states that councils may take account of the resources available to them in deciding which needs to meet. Needs that are identified as eligible needs and which sit within the laws relating to a duty on Social Services to provide services must be met. How those needs are met is a separate issue. Provision of services takes place primarily under: The National Assistance Act 1948, Section 21 and Section 29 The Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970, Section 2 The Health Services and Public Health Act 1968, Section 45 The NHS Act 1977, Section 21 Mental Health Act 1983, Section 117 Carers and Disabled Children Act 2000 Community Care (Direct Payments) Act 1996 back to top Duty to arrange/provide services for people with Eligible Needs National Assistance Act 1948 Section 21(1). Concerns the provision of residential accommodation to certain groups of people over 18 years who through age, illness, disability or any other circumstances are in need of care and attention which would otherwise be unavailable to them. The duty is owed to people ordinarily resident in the Local Authoritys area. National Assistance Act 1948 Section 29. The local council has a duty to exercise its powers for people ordinarily resident in its area and must provide: A social work advice and support service Facilities for rehabilitation and adjustment to disability Facilities for occupational, social, cultural and recreational activities Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970 Section 1. This section imposes a duty on local authorities to provide information about relevant services. Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970 Section 2 (1). This section sets out the types and range of services that local councils should have available to meet the needs of disabled people *. These include: provision of practical assistance in the home; provision of recreational facilities outside the home or assistance to take advantage of educational facilities; provision of assistance with works for adaptation in the home; provision of meals. Note: * See Section 29(1) of the National Assistance Act 1948 above. National Health Services Act 1977 Section 21. This section identifies that services can be provided in relation to expectant mothers, prevention and after care and that home help and laundry facilities are functions exercisable by social service authorities. Schedule 8 identifies the power to provide and maintain day centres or similar facilities and power to arrange services specifically for people with alcohol and drug problems. Also to provide laundry services as part of the input of home help services. Mental Health Act 1983 Section 117(2) This section creates a joint duty on the local Health and Social services Authorities to provide after care services to various categories of people who have been detained in hospital for as long as the person needs them. Aftercare services are not defined in the Act but will include social work support in helping the ex-patient with problems of accommodation or family relationships, the provision of domiciliary services and the use of day centre and residential facilities. Community Care (Direct Payments) 1996 Act This sets out the circumstances when direct payments should be considered. It gives local authorities the power to offer people cash payments as an alternative to arranging social care services to meet their assessed, eligible needs. (Ref Direct Payment policy) Carers may also have access to Direct Payments. See Carers and Disabled Children Act 2000 Section 5 powers set out below. Health Services Act 1968 Section 45. The Local Authority has a power to make arrangements to promote the welfare of older people. The Carers and Disabled Children Act 2000 Section 2. Under this section the Local Authority has powers to provide services for carers following a carers assessment (whether joint or separate) under Section 1 of this Act. Services to carers are not defined by the Act. The local authority may provide any services they see fit to provide and which in their view help the carer care for the person cared for. These services may take the form of physical help or other forms of support such as training or counselling for the carer. (Ref The Carers and Disabled Children Act 2000 policy and practice guidance). The Carers and Disabled Children Act 2000 Section 5. This section extends the option of Direct Payments to carers aged 16 years or over who care for a person aged 18 or over. (Ref The Carers and Disabled Children Act 2000 policy and practice guidance).

Friday, October 25, 2019

Anne Bradstreet - Feminine but Feminist Essay -- essays research paper

As a female in a highly patriarchal society, Anne Bradstreet uses the reverse psychology technique to prove the point of her belief of unfair and unequal treatment of women in her community. Women who wrote stepped outside their appropriate sphere, and those who actually published their work frequently faced social censure. Compounding this social pressure, many women faced crushing workloads and struggled with lack of leisure for writing. Others suffered from an unequal access to education, while others were dealing with the sense of intellectual inferiority offered to them from virtually every authoritative voice, that voice usually being male. Bradstreet was raised in an influential family, receiving an extensive education with access to private tutors and the Earl of Lincoln's large library. She was part of an influential family who encouraged her writing and circulated it in manuscript with pride. That kind of private support did much to offset the possibility of public disappr oval. Bradstreet believed that women in her society were treated unfairly, and that gender should be insignificant. In her "Prologue" she addresses conflict and struggle, expressing her opinion toward women's rights, implying that gender is unimportant and male dominance is wrong. Bradstreet asserts the rights of women to learning and expression of thought, addressing broad and universal themes. The "Prologue" has a humble tone with slightly hidden surprises, containing a mut...

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Man’s True Nature Essay

In Hsun Tzu’s, â€Å"Man’s Nature is Evil† the author explains why the human characteristics are wicked. The author uses basic illustrations of people’s jealousy and envy to prove that human nature is truly evil. Tzu’s essay proves through many examples that man’s nature is evil, and that everything that is considered good comes from people that go against their â€Å"evil nature† to make the concept of morality. Hsun Tzu’s â€Å"Man’s Nature is Evil† is a great analysis of human nature to suppose that in fact, man’s nature is truly evil. The writer uses metaphors and history of human kind to support his reasoning. This paper will analyze Tzu’s essay and propose with supporting facts that man’s nature is justifiably evil. Hsun Tzu enlightens the reader with evidence to establish that man’s nature is evil. Tzu explains how human kind is full of jealousy and rooted with sin. Hsun says man, â€Å"†¦is born with a fondness for profit.† He also says man is born with feelings of jealousy and hate. If man indulges in these, it will lead up to violence and crime. This is a prime example that man is born evil because signs of jealously and envy are stained in the most raw form of human kind. A prime example of this is how man is competitive. He struggles to do better than his fellow human. People try to get better jobs, nicer houses, bigger cars, and the scariest thing now is that they perform surgery to enhance their physical appeal. People of all ages are always jealous of someone else, regardless if they have money, good looks, or fame. These feelings are the root to evil and sin. Tzu continues his influence by speaking on how one must be taught the â€Å"rules† society sets forth so that they don’t become a criminal. If man were truly a good creature, would he even need rules to follow? Or would we need some form of society to place these rules? It is obvious by Tzu’s terms that if we have to ask these questions then man’s roots are questionable as well. He also implies that the only reason we have these â€Å"set of laws† is because a person was thinking outside of their nature. Tzu refers to these â€Å"conscious thinkers† as the Sages of society. Tzu continues by saying that good only comes from conscious activity, therefore asserting man’s nature as sinful and evil. Another way to think of this is using children as an example of human nature. Kids are taught how to behave and act by their parents. If nobody taught these children how to act, they would just act off of their instinct and nature. When kids are with their parents at grocery stores, they just grab what they want without knowing the consequences of stealing. Parents teach morals and instill ethics in the adolescent youth. Children don’t know any better about stealing and sharing until they are taught that. This proves that humans in their juvenile state (children) are selfish and only think for themselves. The only way that they â€Å"learn† how to be good is to be taught. This is the point Tzu was trying to reach. Mothers and fathers discipline their children and tell them to be â€Å"good†. Kids act off of impulse and natural feelings. If their natural feelings aren’t to be good, they must be the latter. This clearly suggests that man’s evil nature. In â€Å"Man’s Nature is Evil†, Hsun Tzu effectively criticizes his detractor, Mencius, who believes man’s nature is good. Arguing Tzu’s point, Mencius states â€Å"man is capable of learning because his nature is good.† Tzu criticizes Mencius for not knowing the difference between basic nature and conscious activity. Basic nature is how someone would react without having been taught how to approach a situation. Hsun’s main argument against Mencius is that he doesn’t understand the concept of basic nature and consciousness. Conscious activity is applying what you have been taught. This is the theme of Tzu’s belief that man is taught to be good and originally evil in nature. Continuing this theme, Tzu explains conscious activity by explaining the work of a carpenter is not his nature; it is in fact conscious activity. This is an effective analogy because it suggests that a carpenter must be taught his trade, it is not his basic nature. Man doesn’t know specific rules without being taught them. The Sages who think consciously are the basis of our rules. A basketball player wouldn’t know how to dribble a ball unless he was taught how. A man who knows nothing about the game, wouldn’t even know were to start from. Tzu applies this to humans’ nature in general. Suggesting that man is not good in nature, and that good is the product of conscious activity is the authors’ main point. Tzu states that, â€Å"Every man that desires to do good does so precisely because his nature is evil.† The authors’ evidence for this is the idea how a poor man strives to be rich or an ugly man longs to be beautiful. People want things that they don’t already have. This is incorporated in our society. This is the idea of popularity and stature. If subject A has something subject B doesn’t, it is in subject B’s nature to strive to acquire it. Tzu states this thought of striving to be good as an evil nature. Man isn’t born with â€Å"ritual principles†. Tzu explains life without â€Å"ritual principles† as â€Å"†¦chaotic and full of irresponsibility†. Therefore it proves Tzu’s theory of not being good in nature and we acquire it from conscious activity. The author compares warped wood to the core roots of mans evil and twisted nature. As with a warped board, it must be straightened by a straightening board and steamed and forced into shape. The writer uses this as a metaphor to compare an evil man to the warped board, and the sage kings were the straightening mechanism to conform the individual. This goes back to the idea that man is bad or evil in nature. Man is taught or forced to conform to societies rules. If these rules were not in place, man would go back to his origin of evilness. Tzu ends his argument with an appropriate analogy: â€Å"A person with two feet is theoretically capable of walking to every corner of the earth, although in fact no one has ever found it possible to do so.† Walking the earth suggests that we are all capable of acting good due to our conscious activity, but not every man will attempt to change their basic instincts. This is due to man acting only on nature. Tzu implies that if one was to think consciously, they would be acting righteously and not evil. This is the only basic problem in his arguments. But it is easily countered by looking at the foundation of humans in general. If mans nature was good, wouldn’t there be more sages compared to the rest of the population? Throughout Tzu’s essay â€Å"Man’s Nature is Evil†, the writer gives details why  the human is rooted to evil. The author, Tzu, employs fundamental instances of people’s jealousy and envy to confirm that human nature is beyond doubt evil. Tzu’s paper proves through many examples that man’s nature is evil, and that everything that is measured good comes from the small group of conscious thinkers that go against their â€Å"evil nature† to make the idea of morality. Hsun Tzu’s, â€Å"Man’s Nature is Evil†, is a excellent investigation of human nature to prove that in fact, man’s nature is justly evil. The author uses metaphors and facts of the human class to hold up his way of thinking. So ultimately man’s nature is indeed evil.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Analyzing Aristotle Essay

The soul and the body are different forms. While the body is visible and mortal, the soul is invisible and immortal. He suggests that although the body dies and decays, the soul continues to exist. I do believe there is life after death, everyone must eventually die, and it cannot be avoided. However, even though death is a fact of life, it is a topic that many people prefer not to talk about. This avoidance of discussion is usually due to the denial of one’s own death and the denial is usually due to fear. The fear is, for many people, a fear of the unknown. In my opinion i believe that when humans die, the body and the brain dies, but the mind still exists and it creates our afterlife according to our own beliefs and expectations. If a person believes there in nothing after death then there will not be a dream, it will be as if the person is asleep forever without dreaming. 2) Yes, I agree that the universe is purposeful. The purpose of the creation, every though you have is creating your tomorrow. The universe has mysterious ways of revolving what we do day by day. For example Karma: The sum of a person’s actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in life. – Aristotle said: â€Å"Yet there is God, though not perhaps the simple and human god conceived by the forgivable anthropomorphism of the adolescent mind. † Aristotle represents God as self-conscious spirit. A rather mysterious spirit; for Aristotle God’s never does anything; he has no desires, no will, no purpose; he is activity so pure that he never acts. He is absolutely perfect; therefore cannot desire anything; therefore He does nothing. His only occupation is to contemplate the essence of things; and since He himself is the essence of all things, the form of all forms, his sole employment is the contemplation of himself.

Free Essays on History Of Straight Edge

straight edge into a song will attract a whole group of people, young and old alike. If the music doesn’t stand up to the expectations, howe... Free Essays on History Of Straight Edge Free Essays on History Of Straight Edge In the midst of the drug-infested punk rock underground scene of Washington, D.C. in the early 1980’s, a band called â€Å"Minor Threat† emerged. They would prove to be a great threat to the drug world. the lead singer, Ian MacKaye, would start a revolution that is still present to this day. The revolution would be coined â€Å"Straight Edge† by the song Minor Threat composed of the same name. The whole idea of straight edge would be to lead a clean lifestyle of no drugs, no drinking alcohol, and no sex without love. In the 12 years since the expiration of Minor Threat, the ideas of straight edge are still going strong in today’s punk scene and beyond. The key to the growing of the revolution is young men and women’s disgust with society’s ailments. Even though the original beliefs are still strong, the modern hard-core straight edge person is a vegetarian the abstains from caffeine and takes an interest in both political and environmental issues. As straight edge was reaching its apex in the mid 1980’s, it was also reaching a level of extreme hostility. The reason is was being fought against was because it seemed that a war was starting between the straight edge people and the people who violated the ideas of straight edge. Many people were fighting against straight edge because of its harsh intolerance to substance use and abuse. the music of straight edge has been nearly the only way the word has been spread around over the years. There are several hundreds, if not thousands, of bands that call themselves â€Å"straight edge bands†. As with â€Å"rock and roll†, â€Å"punk† and â€Å"hard-core† music, straight edge has its own brand of music. Although mostly heard as merely incoherent screaming and profanity, it has a much deeper meaning. Merely incorporating the words straight edge into a song will attract a whole group of people, young and old alike. If the music doesn’t stand up to the expectations, howe...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

The History Of Baseball Cards Essays - Trading Cards, Baseball Cards

The History Of Baseball Cards Essays - Trading Cards, Baseball Cards The History of Baseball Cards Baseball cards have a very broad history. In the beginning, god made man. Then, man produced........ the baseball card. From 1887 to the present, billions of baseball cards have been produced. Some cards are valued at ten cents, while others, are valued at over one hundred thousand dollars. Since 1887, Baseball cards have been a major part of many people's lives. The Beginning of the baseball card collecting era would lead cards to a path of greatness and immortality. The first baseball cards were made of a cloth like material. Many of these cards were "home made" (SCD)*. No one but the creator of these cards, (there all dead) knows for sure what exactly was used to produce these early cards. This time period started on 1887 and continued on until 1901. The 1887 baseball cards were part of a unique set. Not only did this set contain baseball cards, but it also contained boxing. golf, and horse racing cards. These cards are very high in value because of their rarity and because they are some of the early baseball cards. The common card is worth around $800. All of these cards are common, considering that there were no star athletes back then. There were not many cards sizes during this time period. The only size that I could find was one and a half inches by two inches. There were many company's that manufactured cards during this time period. They were: Mayo Tobacco Works, Buchner, Kimball's, Old Judge, Allen & Ginter, and Goodwin (SCD). These cards are rare, but are not very difficult to obtain if you're willing to pay top dollar. What many collectors call "the golden years of baseball", took place from 1902 until 1935. One reason that collectors call this time period that is because cards took many different changes during this era. Cards were starting to be packaged with Chewing Tobacco, crackerjacks, and Chewing gum. The value of cards during this time period depends on many different factors. A large percent of these cards have misprints (flaws). Because of these misprints, a card may have a higher value than the exact same card because of a misprint. The reason there were so many misprints was because the card industry was just starting to experiment with the printing process (SCD). The most expensive baseball card of all time was produced during this era. That card was the Honus Wagner T-206 produced in 1909. The reason that this card is so expensive is because only 4 of these cards were ever produced. Honus Wagner didn't want kids buying tobacco for the Baseball cards. One of the Wagners sold at an auction recently for 451,500 to Wayne Gretzky (SCD). There were three main sizes of baseball cards during this time period. One of the sizes was the "tobacco" size cards. These cards were one and a half inches by two inches. The second card size was a rectangular sheet of three cards. These were about two inches by five and one fourth inches. The third and final size was a square about two inches by two inches. Cards were packaged with chewing tobacco, cracker jacks, chewing gum, and cigarettes (SCD). Many company's produced cards during this era. Some of the major manufactures were : Piedmont, Soverign, Ramly, Hassan, Mecca and Turkey Red. The T-2.. series is very common at card shows. With the exception of the Honus Wagner, most of these cards can be acquired for a reasonable price. From 1936 until 1960, not much happened in the card collecting era. Three major changes occurred during this time period. The cards themselves changed to a size that would carry them to present time. Also, two ground breaking companies would arrive and last until the 21st century. The value of the 30's and 40's cards is around forty dollars for a semi-star (BKM)*. The value of the 50's cards is a little higher at forty five dollars for the semi- star. Mickey Mantle's rookie is included in the 1952 Bowman set. It is valued at $9,000 . Also, another Mantle , his '52 Topps is worth $35,000 (BKM, SCD, TUFF*). The 60's common cards are worth between one dollar and five dollars. There were two main card sizes from 1936 to 1960.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Public Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Public Economics - Essay Example The major problem in the idea of dismantling monopoly of public school stems from the fact that such an approach will improve quality of public education by increasing competition among schools.   Several economists have pointed out to reasons that make political control of education inefficient. In fact, the poor performance of schools in America had been largely linked to the public control of education. Economists who support this notion believe that political force, instead of forces of competition, drives production; otherwise, producers and consumers will end up spending more time in catering to the political needs, instead of focusing on the satisfaction of consumers. Inefficiency creeps into the system as producers become complacent under the protection of the government and consumers fail to obtain better quality of service. Public schools did not have to compete with their rivals, which had increased their social costs. The public had no choice, but to send their children to local national schools. This rendered the whole system ineffective (Gwartney 159-173). Friedman has been one of the earliest economists who had suggested the chief rationales that lay behind government intervention in the field of education, namely effects of the neighborhood and concerns of parents. The government had to make these two arguments in order to nationalize the system of education. However, according to the views of Friedman, the system of education could be improved without nationalization and had introduced the concept of  education vouchers in schooling.

Friday, October 18, 2019

Impact of Discrimination on Productivity Article

Impact of Discrimination on Productivity - Article Example The routine evaluation should also be systematized in such a way that any discriminatory behavior on part of the supervisors is immediately evident. different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, sex or age." [Hobson, pg 131] We all like to believe that we live in progressive times, times when we have left social evils like discrimination far behind us, and that when they rear their ugly heads, we will be protected from them by social laws. We often fail to take into consideration the fact that we, as people, are flawed. On a normal day, each one of us "discriminates" against our fellow man in hundreds of different ways. Choosing to sit next to a friendly looking lady on the morning bus instead of the malodorous homeless man, choosing the coffee shop attendant who gives every customer a friendly smile rather than her sullen colleague who looks like she got off the wrong side of the bed these are small, everyday snippets from our lives that no-one holds against useven though we are making "distinctions" that are "unjust" and "prejudicial". It is said to be indirect if a requirement or condition is applied equally to all, but it has a disproportionately detrimental effect on one sex or racial group, because of their inability to comply with it. Impact Of Discrimination on Productivity in the Workplace 4 It takes the from of harassment when someone is subjected to inappropriate actions, behavior, comments or physical contact that is objectionable or causes offence to the recipient. It may be of a sexual or racial nature or it may be directed towards people because of their age, their sexuality, a disability or some other characteristic.[ Guild, pg 3] As is evident from the information provided above, the most common forms of discrimination encountered in our everyday lives are those based on race, gender and age. On basis of the information provided by Ms. XX, she believes that she was subjected to racial and gender discrimination during her tenure of ten years in this company. In addition to being overlooked for a promotion that she believes she deserved, she also states multiple other minor grievances, in the from of incidents where she felt that she was being subjected to discriminatory treatment. All her complaints will be assessed separately. Her primary complaint is that at the time of promotion, she was overlooked, in-spite of her seniority and greater work experience, and the promotion was given instead to a less qualified colleague

Analysis of the American Cancer Society and General Motor Company Ltd Essay

Analysis of the American Cancer Society and General Motor Company Ltd - Essay Example   The American Cancer Society is mainly funded by donors, including the World Bank and various support groups. The World Bank is the society’s largest funder. The society also receives funds from the services that they offer to the cancer patients (Epstein, 2011). Other sources of funding for ACS include investment income, grants, and contributions from well-wishers. The operations of the organization are mainly run through volunteers drawn from all over the United States of America (American Cancer Society, 2011). The ACS is exempt from the taxpayer status, Form 990 of the year 2009 that the Society is a 501 (c) (3) organization which exempt from any tax obligations to the state. This status was granted in 2009 (American Cancer Society, 2011). Ethical issue The ACS, like all other organizations faces various challenges. One of the greatest challenges affecting ACS is self-interest. Investigations conducted on the ACS reveal that the Society has previously shown more interes t in profits than on cancer prevention. In 2005 the ACS estimated that at least 1.37 million new cases of cancer were diagnosed. However, it is alleged that instead of intensifying research on new methods for preventing and combating cancer, the Society focused more on profiting from cancer grants (Isaacs, 2010). For example, an Occupy Wall Street report alleges that the ACS has put a greater financial emphasis on radiation and chemotherapy research than on life-saving prevention methods. ACS faces allegations citing that has focused largely on conventional medication techniques for treating cancer instead of preventive techniques. The accusations also include discrediting physician research on cancer preventive techniques. As such the society is unethical for trying to make money out of the large numbers of cancer patients through chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which are considered unhealthy (Epstein, 2011). Causes One of the greatest causes of this situation stems from the ACSâ₠¬â„¢s culture of working with various stakeholders and particularly giving greater consideration to the views of the organization’s financial supporters (Epstein, 2011). The Society’s financial ties with the drug industry have skewed its policies regarding the environmental causes of cancer and the best approaches to managing it. This interest makes the fight against cancer difficult and has been linked to the increase in cancer deaths and incidences as sufficient preventive strategies have not been put in place because many drug companies discourage it (Isaacs, 2010). While the drug industry wants to make money selling therapeutic drugs and equipment, the ACS wishes to continue benefitting from the considerable financial support it gets from the organizations as well as profits from patient treatments. The other likely cause for the American Cancer Society’s preference for therapeutic methods is that cancer research is quite costly, especially research for prev entive techniques. The organization seems to endorse both chemotherapy and radiotherapy techniques because they are a cheaper alternative in terms of research costs. A lot of research findings justifying the methods have already been provided both by the ACS and many drug companies.  Ã‚  

The role of evil in Aristotle, Kant and Hannah Arendt Essay

The role of evil in Aristotle, Kant and Hannah Arendt - Essay Example Immoderation - it is the form of evil, which is related to the sphere of reason, and not to the sphere of will. The subject possessing this disadvantage is normal in his judgments but is abnormal in his relation to his intentions and the ways of their realization. In other words, immoderate is able to reasonably judge the events which take place, but he acts unreasonably. The flows of rage, love passions and other strong incentives lead him to the state, when he possessing the knowledge, does not possess it in the same time. In these cases knowledge is left as if strange and indifferent towards his soul. Immoderation is different depravity - the next form of evil - the inability to control one's incentives. According to Aristotle, depravity is the very moral evil. It does not exclude the well-developed reason, sense, strong will, but it presupposes their negative directness. Depraved person is fully guilty in his behavior, as he has got the ability to be another, but he does not use it. Thus, having divided the evil into the three different displays, Aristotle has separated amorality from weakness and foolishness.3 Having crated the source of the amorality not in some separate psychological ability, but in the insufficient abnormal development of any of them (or all of them), Aristotle has closely come to the understanding of the systematic inner world of the human being. After Aristotle, the close connection between the understanding of the moral evil and the disharmony of the psychic functions has strongly entered the culture. It has appeared to be compatible with the rationalistic requirements for the prevailing of the reason over the passions, as well as with the Christian condemnation of tyranny as the source of... The aim of this work is to discuss the evil from the viewpoint of Aristotle, Kant and Arendt, and to see how the concept of genocide applies to their ideas. We will have thus to conclude, which of the concepts is the best applied to the issue of genocide.The question of evil has been the subject of many discussion and philosophic works. It has always been interesting to see how different philosophers viewed the understanding of evil, and how they applied it to reality. It is difficult to think of any philosopher who has not devoted at least some part of his (her) works to the concept of evil. The aim of this work is to discuss the evil from the viewpoint of Aristotle, Kant and Hannah Arendt, and to see how the concept of genocide applies to their ideas. We will have thus to conclude, which of the concepts is the best applied to the issue of genocide. Arendt's idea of evil for me appears to be the most appropriate of all described. The notion of banality of evil without roots is the b est presentation of the genocide concept from the philosophic point of view. It appears to be true that we can't grasp the idea and the reasons of genocide with our minds, the roots of genocide are also closed for us. Thinking about the difference between the banality and the commonplace of the genocide, it appears that in reality genocide is far from being a commonplace event, but trying to come down to its roots and the incentives which made people perform such actions, we come to the conclusion that not only no roots are seen there,

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Advanced research methods in business Dissertation

Advanced research methods in business - Dissertation Example An intensive analysis of the concept of cross-cultural training is done using the works of different people including academicians, researchers etc. The aim of the research is identified to be to examine the different methods of cross-cultural training; to evaluate and find out the effect of CCT on the performance of foreign employees recruited by US company in China; to identify the problems faced and adjustment made by the foreign employees in China; and to identify the best method of cross-cultural training. The research will employ a quantitative method to achieve the objectives. The techniques that will be used include a quantitative performance appraisal and adjustment questionnaire that will be sending to participants via email. The participants will include 200 foreign employees- either US citizens or foreigners- who will be divided into group A and group B. Both the groups will be given different cross-cultural training. The research will be done as a comparative research an d for this the performance appraisal and adjustment made by the participants will be taken twice- before and after training. Thesis Statement: To analyze the impact of two different forms of cross-cultural trainings on the overall performance and adjustment of foreigner employees in an American multi-national company that has opened a new subsidiary in China. Introduction: Cross-cultural training is an important concept and activity adopted in almost every international business in the present world. Cross-cultural training is always included in the business plan while entering an international market. The cross-cultural training is often given to a foreigner who is being recruited to the country where the business is started by the organization. The cross-cultural training includes different types of training which makes the employee eligible to work in the host country. In this world of globalization and liberalization, the scope for international business have raised and touched the sky thereby making room for more extensive cross-cultural training programs together with the increase in expatriate recruitment. The business corporate when extend their business at international level they face the problem of efficient and qualified employees. As a solution to this problem expatriate recruitment was adopted. The need for cross-cultural training has been identified since the inception of the process of expatriate recruitment. The cross-cultural training helps the employees to understand the cultural differences and to develop the ability to deal and interact effectively according to the culture and environment of the host country. Thus the cross-cultural training as a concept includes a variety of training programs which are a classified under various heads. All the training programs or training courses have the similar aim of developing awareness among the employees about the culture of the host country. The training is given according to the nature or culture of the country. The cross-cultural training which possess an important place in the business world is been interpreted variously by various people. â€Å"Cross-cultural training is defined as any planned intervention designed to increase the knowledge and skills of expatriates to live and work effectively and achieve general life satisfaction in an unfamiliar host culture (Wil Harzing & Ruysseveldt, 2004, p. 284). Paula Caligiuri et. al had identified the objectives of cross-cultural training from the works of different people like Brewster & Pickard, Black & Mendenhall, Kealey &

Nursing Implication for Teenage Pregnancy Essay

Nursing Implication for Teenage Pregnancy - Essay Example The paper "Nursing Implication for Teenage Pregnancy" talks about the problem of teenage pregnancy in the US which is having the highest incidence of teen pregnancy though the rate is declining everywhere. Probably ongoing sex education and improved accessibility to condoms have helped to get it down. Young parents and kids usually have a severe impact on their lives sacrificing education, career, and most importantly health. This essay gives detail information regarding statistical facts of teen pregnancy state wise information along with the implication of nursing. A teen can also have a healthy pregnancy if she is able to detect pregnancy on time and receive pre and post natal care promptly. The importance of prenatal and postnatal care education is understood in the essay as in teen pregnancy cases chances of getting preterm labor with low birth weight babies are higher. Young mothers are provided with genuine support by healthcare system along with parenting classes and counseli ng. Parenting is a tough task for every individual and it is indeed very difficult if the parents are teenagers. Teenage pregnancy has become a major issue of concern for almost all the western countries. Incidences of teen pregnancy are rising in the US too and teens are battling to establish child-friendly situations in their lives. Teens are not the only sufferer but their children also face frequent health problems in future. These pregnancies are usually unplanned and are not pleasant phenomena to the society.

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

The role of evil in Aristotle, Kant and Hannah Arendt Essay

The role of evil in Aristotle, Kant and Hannah Arendt - Essay Example Immoderation - it is the form of evil, which is related to the sphere of reason, and not to the sphere of will. The subject possessing this disadvantage is normal in his judgments but is abnormal in his relation to his intentions and the ways of their realization. In other words, immoderate is able to reasonably judge the events which take place, but he acts unreasonably. The flows of rage, love passions and other strong incentives lead him to the state, when he possessing the knowledge, does not possess it in the same time. In these cases knowledge is left as if strange and indifferent towards his soul. Immoderation is different depravity - the next form of evil - the inability to control one's incentives. According to Aristotle, depravity is the very moral evil. It does not exclude the well-developed reason, sense, strong will, but it presupposes their negative directness. Depraved person is fully guilty in his behavior, as he has got the ability to be another, but he does not use it. Thus, having divided the evil into the three different displays, Aristotle has separated amorality from weakness and foolishness.3 Having crated the source of the amorality not in some separate psychological ability, but in the insufficient abnormal development of any of them (or all of them), Aristotle has closely come to the understanding of the systematic inner world of the human being. After Aristotle, the close connection between the understanding of the moral evil and the disharmony of the psychic functions has strongly entered the culture. It has appeared to be compatible with the rationalistic requirements for the prevailing of the reason over the passions, as well as with the Christian condemnation of tyranny as the source of... The aim of this work is to discuss the evil from the viewpoint of Aristotle, Kant and Arendt, and to see how the concept of genocide applies to their ideas. We will have thus to conclude, which of the concepts is the best applied to the issue of genocide.The question of evil has been the subject of many discussion and philosophic works. It has always been interesting to see how different philosophers viewed the understanding of evil, and how they applied it to reality. It is difficult to think of any philosopher who has not devoted at least some part of his (her) works to the concept of evil. The aim of this work is to discuss the evil from the viewpoint of Aristotle, Kant and Hannah Arendt, and to see how the concept of genocide applies to their ideas. We will have thus to conclude, which of the concepts is the best applied to the issue of genocide. Arendt's idea of evil for me appears to be the most appropriate of all described. The notion of banality of evil without roots is the b est presentation of the genocide concept from the philosophic point of view. It appears to be true that we can't grasp the idea and the reasons of genocide with our minds, the roots of genocide are also closed for us. Thinking about the difference between the banality and the commonplace of the genocide, it appears that in reality genocide is far from being a commonplace event, but trying to come down to its roots and the incentives which made people perform such actions, we come to the conclusion that not only no roots are seen there,

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Nursing Implication for Teenage Pregnancy Essay

Nursing Implication for Teenage Pregnancy - Essay Example The paper "Nursing Implication for Teenage Pregnancy" talks about the problem of teenage pregnancy in the US which is having the highest incidence of teen pregnancy though the rate is declining everywhere. Probably ongoing sex education and improved accessibility to condoms have helped to get it down. Young parents and kids usually have a severe impact on their lives sacrificing education, career, and most importantly health. This essay gives detail information regarding statistical facts of teen pregnancy state wise information along with the implication of nursing. A teen can also have a healthy pregnancy if she is able to detect pregnancy on time and receive pre and post natal care promptly. The importance of prenatal and postnatal care education is understood in the essay as in teen pregnancy cases chances of getting preterm labor with low birth weight babies are higher. Young mothers are provided with genuine support by healthcare system along with parenting classes and counseli ng. Parenting is a tough task for every individual and it is indeed very difficult if the parents are teenagers. Teenage pregnancy has become a major issue of concern for almost all the western countries. Incidences of teen pregnancy are rising in the US too and teens are battling to establish child-friendly situations in their lives. Teens are not the only sufferer but their children also face frequent health problems in future. These pregnancies are usually unplanned and are not pleasant phenomena to the society.

Hawthornes Motives for Writing the Scarlett Letter Essay Example for Free

Hawthornes Motives for Writing the Scarlett Letter Essay Hawthorne’s motives for writing The Scarlet Letter were to expose corruption in Puritan society, religion, and politics. Hawthorne demonstrates both corruption and hypocrisy in Puritan society as the townspeople and even the Governor wear her embroidery, yet banish her and ostracize her as an outcast and a sinner. The town buys her clothes for an unknown reason; most likely their own curiosity, its beauty, or they just felt sorry for her. This shows the societys inability to follow through with their own punishments. They are willing to ostracize her and banish her, but still buy her embroidery. However much they chose to wear her embroidery on most articles of clothing, they refused to wear her embroidery on wedding veils as they were created by her sinful hands, showing the â€Å"relentless vigor with which society frowned upon her sin† (Hawthorne 76). Religion played a major role in Hawthornes writing, even though he was not a member of any religious organization. The religion mentioned in The Scarlet Letter was Puritanism and in his writing he intended to expose the power the Puritans used to control the church and state. For example, in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Roger Williams differed with the colonys leaders on the relationship between church and state. The authorizes in the Bay feared that the foul error emanating from him could spread and corrupt the entire colony. In October 1635, the General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony banished him (smithsonianmag.com). Due to the fact that Hawthorne was not a part of any organized religion he was able to criticize religions without the fear of repercussion. Hawthorne also wanted to expose the corruption in religion when he wrote The Scarlet Letter. In the Custom House he mentioned that he was a Democrat while the Whigs were in power. Hawthorne also said I had spent three yearsin an unnatural state, doing what was really of no advantage nor delight to any human being (Hawthorne 40). Here he is saying that because he was a Democrat in a Whig society he felt he couldnt speak up and that it was unnatural.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Developing People and Performance

Developing People and Performance Introduction Human resource development is the process of assisting employees in a certain organization to improve their personal and organizational skills, their abilities and use of knowledge. This includes helping them through taking them for training, career development t courses, organizational and performance management. According to Joy-Matthews, Megginson, Surtees (2004), the main aim of human resource development is to develop an advanced workforce that will enable the organization to achieve its goals and offer the best to its customers. Human resource development can be done form within the organization or from outside the organization. It can also be done formally such as a planned organization change, offering classroom training to employees or taking them through a certain college course, or informally where a manager may decide to coach the employees on a particular issue. Human resource development in any organization is the role of human resource management. This deals with all t he matters of the employees. This essay therefore looks at the strategic roles of human resource management and ways in which a strategic approach to human resource development can play a strategic role within an organization. Challenges and obstacles to effective human resource management are also discussed in the essay. Nature of strategic HRM Strategic human resource management is a planned move on how to manage the human resources in the organization. Human resources are the employees of the organization. In the International Journal of Human Resource Management, Wright, Dyer, (2003), explains that apart from being strategic, human resource management can also be technical. The definition strategic however lies on the basic functions of human resource management which involves devising and implementing organizational policies that are consistent with its structure and that are aimed at ensuring that the human capital of the organization works towards achieving the goals and objectives of the organization. It is strategic because it considers the internal structure of the organization, the resources of the organizations and the nature of the organizations human capital. The technical human resource management consists of the basic roles of human resource management such as recruitment, selection, training among others. Strategic human resource management combines these basic roles to fit the business strategy therefore resulting to a strategic human resource management. This adopts maximum flexibility in managing human resources and also in utilizing them with the aim of achieving the goals of the organization. Similarly, it helps to place the organization is a competitive position. Yorks (2004) states that for maximum success of the business, it is very important to ensure that the strategy that is adopted is in line with the goal of the organization. Basically, strategic human resource management focuses on building a capacity in the organization that will enable it to withstand external market changes. Having a pool of human resources that is equipped with skills and knowledge that are in line with the organizations strategy is a vehicle to achie ving the goals of the organization by encouraging behavioural effectiveness amongst the employees. HRM strategy HRM strategy relates to the means that can be adopted to implement HRM functions that are in line with the organization strategy. Various factors that must be considered in the HRM strategy include best fit and best practices, close cooperation, and continuous monitoring. Best fit and best practices means that the human resource management strategy should be correlating with the overall strategy of the organization. The general aim of human resource management is to manage the employees so that they can achieve the goals of the organization, but a human resource management strategy aims at managing the human resources by applying the needs of the organizations personnel with the organizational goals. For example, the strategic goals of an organization may be to increase its sales by 20 percent. The practices that it may adopt regarding its human resources should therefore be the best for that objective (Armstrong 2006). Close cooperation means that there is proper coordination between the human resources and the organizations top management in their efforts to develop the organizational strategy. The organizational management should be involved in implementation of the strategy since they are the ones responsible for providing the goods and services required in the process. The human resource department is therefore very important within the organization. Continuous monitoring is also very important as it helps in identification of the difficulties in the process and areas that may need intervention of the senior management. According to Voorde, Paauwe, Veldhoven, (2010) continuous monitoring also helps in receiving feedback on the route taken by the process to be able to estimate on its success. Other components of strategic human resource management include strategic planning, training and implementation all being focused on the goals and objectives of the organization. Strategic planning Strategic planning is an exercise that helps organizations to determine their current position, where they want to head and how they will reach there. Strategic planning is done differently depending on the organization. In some organization, it is done starting with the senior management, supervisors of various departments, employees in various departments and the stakeholders. In other organizations, strategic planning is the work of the senior management only. According to Yang, (2007) for a successful strategic planning process, it is important for the senior management to have clear statement of the vision of the organization. This is a picture of where the organization will end up in the long run. The management should also appoint a leader to guide the whole process of implementation. Strategic training Training is the process of making interventions that are aimed at improving the skills, knowledge and the abilities of the employees in the organization. Before deciding on the training to undertake, it is important for the management to conduct an assessment of the training needs, designing the program to undertake in training and the implementation process, and finally how to evaluate the training process. Lewis, Rothwell, Miller, Osman-Gani., (2009) assessment of the training needs helps to reveal the employees needs that are in line with the goals of the organization. This is because strategic training should be done to equip the employees on matters concerning the organizations goals. The design of training should also involve identification of the goals of the organization so that the topics covered in the training program are also in line with the organizational goals. After training has been carried out, it is important to evaluate it so as to measure its success. This helps in determining whether whatever has been invested in training is paid back. Effectiveness of training is gauged depending on the extent to which the previously set objectives have been accomplished. Feedback from the students can be acquired and this is also a measure of effectiveness of training program. Another measure of effectiveness of training includes assessment of behaviour change and its impact to the organization. This involves checking whether the training program has made impact on the behaviour of the employees after the acquisition of new skills and abilities. Behaviour change can be observed when the employees are carrying out their duties applying the new skills. The impact of training on the organization involves measuring its impact in the particular units where the employees work. This should also be reflected in the entire organization. Aspects such as level of productivity, volume of sales, profits gained and the level at which customers are satisfied can also reflect the impact of training in the organization (Pineda 2006). Link between Strategic HRM and HRD Human resource development is one of the many functions in human resource management. Strategic HRD is the one that is designed to offer an up to date proficiency among the employees. With the current changes in technology, HRD can be used to support various activities of the organization in which competence is required. According to McLean, Osman-Gani, Cho, (2004) the current business environment requires that HRD to play a fundamental role enforcing the organizational strategy. Human resource development is continuing to play a critical role in formulation of organizations strategy. This is because organizational that are able to achieve a quality level of employee expertise stand a better chance in the current competitive business environment. Functions of strategic human resource development include training and development, organizational development and career development. Training and development is the act of conveying specific knowledge, skills and abilities to the employees. It attempts to improve their current and future performance by the process of learning. Deficiency in the performance of the employees dictates the need for training and development (Mello 2010). This is computed as follows: Standard performance Actual performance = Training and development. Development is the aspect of creating opportunities that may facilitate the employees to grow. This does not necessarily focus on improving the skills but on offering general knowledge and changing the attitude of the employees so that they can handle higher positions. Most of developmental activities are not offered on compulsory by the management but are in most cases on voluntary basis. The main aim of training and development is to add value to its human resources so that the organization can achieve its purpose. In other words, it is investing on the employees on behalf of the organization so that the employees can feel motivated to use their natural capabilities. Inputs in training and development include skills, education, and ethics (Brome 2010). Skills are necessary in areas such as operation of machinery, and other equipments so as not to cause damage or injury. These are the basic skills that one cannot operate equipments in the organization without them. Elwood, Holton, James, Trott, (2006) explains that education involves offering theoretical ideas and instilling logic in the employees. This helps them in making rational decisions. This is mostly important for the supervisors and the management team since it helps them in deciding matters concerning the organization. Ethics involves practices that are acceptable to the organization. It is important for the human resource manager to enlighten the employees on the ethical practices in marketing, finance and other departments in the organization. This is because whatever is acceptable in one department may be different from what is acceptable in another. Training and development helps the organization to gain competitive advantage. This is because they eliminate deficiencie s in the performance of the employee which may be either due to lack of skills or behaviours that may prevent the employees from appropriate performance. Training and development helps in improving organizations stability enabling it to withstand competitive forces (Green 2002). Organizational development is defined by Bennis (1999) the process of embracing the change that results from training and development. It is the process of improving the situation in the organization and the well being of the employees through application of the learnt concepts. Basically, human resource development facilitates change in the organization. It is a response to change, in other words, a strategy that may change the beliefs, values and the structure of the organization so that the employees and other players can be able to function under new technology, new structure and also face the challenges that comes along. It is continuous process that goes along with the changing processes in the organization (Reid, Barrington, Brown 2004). Career development is a continuous process by which employees of an organization go through various changes until they acquire maximum level of achievement. According to Jackson (2000) helping the employees to progress in their career prepares them for achievement of the ultimate goals of the organization. An organization should therefore design programs for career development that will help the employees to attain their maximum potential. Career development can be used by the organization to identify the pool of talents that the employees possess and that can be used towards achievement of the organizational goals. Obstacles and challenges of implementing strategic HRD initiatives The process of implementing initiatives that focuses on strategic human resource development faces many challenges and obstacles. The main challenge that is facing this process is the changing work environment. The changing work environment includes diversity in the work force, changes in technology, globalization, and the changing nature of work. Work force diversity is a challenge in human resource development because the employees differ in their age, race, gender, education background, level of skills and knowledge. Managing all these differences under similar conditions so that they can all point to a common goal is a real challenge to the human resource manager. For the success of any organization, the human resource manager must work on all these factors to produce innovativeness in the work of the employees. Some of the employees may have problems relating with others, some may be slow in learning and in working while others may be resistant to change. The human resource manager should therefore devise ways of helping such characters for example by creating a working culture that will compel all the employees to work as desired regardless of their differences (Salaman, Storey, Billsberry, 2005). Technological changes are also posing a great challenge in human resource development. In todays world, technology is ever changing and new innovations are being done. Machineries that are used in doing certain jobs keep changing with new ones being invented. This means that human resource development has the main function in supporting this. New inventions must be followed by employee training so that the organization can also have up to date expertise. This must be done to enable the organization withstand the competitive business environment. This is a financial challenge to the organization since it must also keep purchasing the newly invented equipments to move with technology (Grieves 2003). Globalization is also a challenge to human resource development. Globalization has brought together business organizations from all over the world therefore increasing competition. Armstrong (2000) this means that for an organization to meet the challenges in the global market, it must have the pool of most experienced and effective workforce. Secondly, this work force must be well retained since they are in high demand. Every organization must therefore maintain its employees in quality standards so as to retain them. This means that they have to give the best rewards and motivators to retain the employees. Globalization also brought into light the aspect of labour laws which must be observed by the employer. Globalization has therefore resulted in changes in the working environment which is a great challenge to the human resource managers. With all the changes that are taking place in the business world such as globalization and technology, the nature of work is also changing. This is because the desires of the clients are also changing following a global trend and therefore the organizational goals have to change towards that direction. Human resource managers must therefore devise their policies to follow the world trend. Conclusion Strategic human resource development as a function strategic human resource development plays a very vital role in ensuring success of the organization. For the goals and objectives of the organization to be met, all the employees must have their efforts directed towards the same point. A strategic approach to managing the human resources must therefore be designed so that all functions are aligned with the goals of the organization. Planning and training must be done strategically so that they do not deviate from the goals of the organization. However, there are challenges and obstacles in this process. All the aspects of HRM should therefore be strategic so that the goals of the organization are maintained. The human resource managers also need to have strategies son how to meet those challenges so that they may not hinder human resource development.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Biological Basis Of Behavior Essay -- Science Biology Biological Essay

Biological Basis Of Behavior Primary Behaviors of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is defined as a "devastating psychotic disorder that may involve characteristic disturbances in thinking (delusions), perception (hallucinations), speech, emotions, and behavior (Durand and Barlow 443). This disorder affects nearly 2.5 million people. The symptoms of schizophrenia are usually divided into two categories, positive and negative. The positive symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or thinking, grossly disorganized behavior, and catatonic behaviors, which means that you suffer from motor immobility (schizophrenia.com). Delusions are defined as a strong disorder of thought and false beliefs of reality. There are five categories of delusions. The first is persecutory in which a person believes they are being attacked, harassed or conspired against. For example, a person with persecutory delusions may think that the government is spying on them. The second category is grandiose delusions, which are defined as an exaggerated sense of importance, power, and identity. For example, a person may feel that they receive special powers from God which gives them the ability to control things. The third category is being controlled. This category of delusions involves thoughts and feelings imposed from the outside. This is sometimes referred to as "thought insertion." A person with this type of delusion may feel that they are being controlled by the devil or by a curse. The fourth category is somatic delusions. These are defined as having false beliefs about bodily functions such as having AIDS or being pregnant for three years. The last category is j... ... ended up in the psychiatric ward. He got on medicine but still felt like a "deer in the headlights." He had a hard time keeping up with school and then his medicine failed and he was hospitalized again. After the second hospitalization his life turned around. He ended up finishing school with a degree in Economics. He was also able to hold down several jobs. He has tried every atypical antipsychotic medicine and they seem to be working. People can overcome schizophrenia if they choose to and can succeed in their own way and beat the odds. References Barlow, David H. and Durand, V. Mark. Essentials of Abnormal Psychology. Thomson-Wadsworth, 2003. Clozaril (clozapine). www.nami.org. 2/23/2005 Dr. Jim Dupree's class notes for Abnormal Psychology Success Stories from People with Schizophrenia. www.schizophrenia.com. 2/23/2005.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Comparing the Power of Fiction in Canterbury Tales and Lord of the Flies :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Power of Fiction Revealed in Canterbury Tales and Lord of the Flies In accordance with E.M. Foster's analysis of a character's hidden life, a work of fiction gives us a better insight into the theme of a novel. As E.M. Foster said, "Fiction is truer than history, for it is in fiction [and drama] that we can understand the hidden life of the characters." History is the study of past events. It is based mostly on fact, accepted concepts and stories. Fiction is a literical genre in which the author writes about untrue events. The telling of historical events in a novel limits a reader's ability to expand on the text because it is a text based on textual references from the past. Fiction, on the other hand, sets no boundaries for the reader. In fictional literature the reader can expand and point his own picture in his mind without having to question his own creativity. In "The Canterbury Tales" by Geoffrey Chaucer, the use of type casting in the direct and indirect characterization of the pilgrims shows us their true personalities. While Cha ucer uses characterization to reveal his characters. William Golding in his novel, The Lord of the Flies writes through allegorical writing which uses symbolism to portray a bigger meaning than the story's plot. Â   In "The Canterbury Tales" written by Geoffrey Chaucer, the pilgrims are characterized in two different ways to reveal their real intentions. "The Pardoner's Tale" is told by a Pardoner who is characterized in the prologue as selling fake relics. He than in his own tale goes on to denounce greed. By stating the pardoner's own selfishness it contradicts his own religious state in life. A Pardoner forgives others sins, but one with already too much load on his soul would not be able to do that. The Pardoner thinks himself to be a very holy and righteous man but does not realize that his own greed is seen by all the pilgrims after he admits selling fake relics. That makes his sermon of how "Greed is the root of all evil" a total hypocrisy. Chaucer purposely chose a member of a religious community to write a tale on because he wanted to write about unfaithful who sold indulgences to people.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Police Operations Essay

There are many types of Police operations. Policing in general has a wide range of different kinds of strategies and areas. To begin with one of the most important, in my opinion in police operations is the dangers of policing. The main principle that contributes to policing in general is the danger that comes with this sort of job. As police officers they are putting their lives at risk each and every single day. They are never certain of what will happen. The minute they start their duty they can encounter all sorts of problems with all sorts of people. They deal with some of the most violent people and not to mention dangerous people as well. There have been numerous occasions in when officers have lost their lives after responding to a crime call. It happens very often, these officers are never guaranteed that they will be safe when the respond to a crime call. The dangerous of policing can start as simply as pulling someone over for running a stop sign or simply for a light they have off, or a suspended license registration. Over all, the reason for an individual getting pulled over in unbearable. Bottom line is that if an individual gets pulled over for any of the above mentioned reasons does not mean that the person is not capable of having a criminal background, a warrant, or violent past. When officers pullover an individual they really have no clue what kind of person they are about to encounter. As officers it is very important that they are cautious and alert at all times. There have been stories when officers respond to calls and the individual retaliates on the officer, this issue has cost officers life in the past. It is a very unfortunate situation but that is the job as a police officer. The dangers that cause over half of all police deaths are traffic incidents. In 2009, 56 officers died in the line of duty by traffic incidents. According to data from the National Law Enforcement Officers  Memorial Fund reported traffic remains the largest cause of death for 12 years running. In 2009, 47 officers died by intentional gunfire up 24% from the previous year and gunf ire claimed the lives of 38 officers. These are the two major cause of death in policing and an increasing concern for different tactics which require more effective means, such as body armor for example. (Keating, M.2012). Police operations are extremely demanding activities that challenge policemen by strict load, working memory, and fast rational thinking. Such activities should never be underestimated as human life is in jeopardy every time police operations take place. Police operations task demands are to great extent dependable on task complexity due to the fact that the performance becomes better when the task is less complicated and may get worse during difficult tasks Although the latter challenges human factor in terms of intellectual intensity, time pressure, and enormous responsibility, it does develop profound professional skills if only thorough training aimed at self-discipline and self-organization is carried out. Dangers of policing Each day an officer awakes to go to work his or her life is in danger. The dangers can range from getting into a car wreck on the way to work, while responding to a call, poor nutrition, assaulted on the scene of a call, and from handling of apprehend suspects. Driving is part on an officer’s daily duty; however, that does not make him or her immune to a car crash. Physical harm is one of the greatest dangers to any and all police officers. An officer could be assaulted or attacked by an armed criminal at any time or place. A lack of adequate back up is another prime example of a dangerous situation for a police officer. Although a police officer should not pursue any situation in which he or she is widely outnumbered, and without back up, this is always a possibility. (Copblock.org 2010). Police officers never know when a person will attack, so transporting a person to a jail or prison can be a very dangerous position to be in. Not only do police officers have to pay attentio n to what they are doing but also must be aware of the other hundreds of vehicles to who they are sharing the roadway. When an officer gets into a police chase, the likelihood of a wreck increases significantly. Therefore, an officer must have a valid reason to initiate a car chase.  Another danger to an officer is the issue of his or her health. Police officers normally work rotating shifts and eat large amounts of fast food. The rotating shift alone can make someone’s health fail, let alone adding the fast food to it. Shift work can have terrible effects on one’s circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms, also known as the body’s internal clock, are a 24-hour cycle. The rise of the sun and nightfall affects the rhythms (Copblock.org 2010). When the rhythm is interrupted by rotating shifts, this can cause sleep disorders and very unhealthy eating patterns. Another danger would be that both police workers and officers experience various tasks, interpersonal and physical demands during police operations that the majority of ordinary people never come across at their work or in their families. These requirements and stressors negatively influence a physical and psychological condition that may lead to more serious physical or mental damage or interruption. Role and physical demands for policemen can develop a condition of constant overload called hyper stress. Typically, the number of queries concerns and emergency calls exceeds the time assigned to a particular police worker. Therefore, not only is the quality of the time given to each separate case and that’s why each case at risk, the mental and physical condition of the police worker is in constant jeopardy. Regarding investigators, they experience heavy caseloads for which they are expected to follow prescribed case management criteria. Also, they find themselves within very limited time framework set by prosecutors who may keep them under the pressure to finish the process as fast as they possibly can, so that the case can reach the trial. Insomnia or permanent tiredness is often caused by hyper stress, as well as weight loss /gain and different degrees of impairment of mental processes. On the contrary, hypo stress may emerge from input under loads for police workers who work a 3rd shift and accept few or calls during night hours. One of the most influential task demands is resistance to stress and ability to cope with sudden interruptions. Experts say that highly indicated factors may have negative effect on police operations outcome as they develop more frequent forgetting on the planned action. Also the activity of working memory is very vulnerable to all external factors accepted by the human body through sight, hearing, smell, etc. Less than Lethal weapons Less-Lethal weapons defined as weapons or any devices that are intended to be less likely to kill a living target than are traditional weapons. Such weapons are also termed as non-lethal weapons, less-than-lethal weapons, non-deadly weapons, compliance weapons, or pain-inducing weapons. Non-lethal weapons may be used in circumstances where conventional weapons are restricted or lethal force is prohibited or undesirable. (USLegal.com 2012). They are also used in combat situations to limit the escalation of conflict. According to California standards, these weapon includes the frame or receiver of any weapon described as but does not include any of the following unless the part or weapon has been converted as described in subdivision as any device that is designed to or that has been converted to expel or propel less lethal ammunition by any action, mechanism, or process for the purpose of incapacitating, immobilizing, or stunning a human being through the infliction of any less than l ethal impairment of physical condition, function, or senses, including physical pain or discomfort. For example, non-lethal weapons may be a destructive devise, tear gas, a bow or cross bow, or something as simple as a slingshot. Technology used in policing The rate of technological change in recent years is so fast that one could reasonably suggest that the top 10 jobs 10 years from now, those jobs might not even exist today. (Schultz, P. D. 2008). Technology is changing the way police departments operate, how criminals are processed, how crimes are investigated, and how trials follow through. Technologies funded today were not even common knowledge just a few years ago. Some technology that police use to assist them with crime investigations start with the very car or vehicle they drive. From crime lights to in-car camera systems, to having an on-board computer right at the disposal of the officer has changed the way the police follow through with crimes. When a crime has been process the evidence goes to the forensic labs where technology of today and the future shows its face. The technology that the labs use today and possible will enhance as the years go by are anything from Photo enhancement systems, graffiti cameras, thermal imaging, and the ability to search for individuals using finger prints and DNA samples. On the other hand, the use of thermal imagers can assist police officers with drug and marijuana arrests. Sometimes even the use of a K9 unit is sometimes used to  assist in drug arrests. The next other forms of technology that are used to process and assist police officers is the CIRS Criminal Investigations Records Systems) which are used to search, match and identify any suspect that the police seem fit. Radios are almost always used with any officer both on the streets and in the car. The radio allows the officer to stay in contact with other officers, call for back up, signal for help, and request a transfer of a suspect. Some other technology that are sometimes used are lasers, mainly used for terroristic threats and attacks, language translators, that are used for the many citizens who speak other languages, Cameras for K9 Units, an automatic license plate recognition, and finally a global positioning devise.( Schultz, P. D. 2008) Issues of Homeland Security and law enforcement relationships Many people in all levels of the government are now taking a hard look at how best to protect their communities from terrorism and crime. (Cooke, L. G., & Hahn, L. R. 2006). Following the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001, a revolution has been underway in the relationships of federal, state, and local homeland security, law enforcement, and intelligence organizations. At the federal level, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has been created, the â€Å"wall† between law enforcement and intelligence has been nearly obliterated, some law enforcement organizations are being directed to become more like intelligence agencies, and the foreign intelligence community is being fundamentally reformed. Right now public law enforcement is facing a major crisis, with the activation of military reservists, which hurt police staffing, jurisdictions lack resources to hire additional officers, and local communities, cities, countries, and states face tight budgets. (Cooke, L. G., & Hahn, L. R. 2006) Although there are many problems in the homeland security, the police officers still manage to keep a solid relationship with the community. By keeping those safe from crime, and keeping crime off the streets, and developing relationship with the citizens of the community, our society will once again be able to battle the war of crime. The Future of Policing Some police forces believe that 20 years from now they will operate much as they do today, but advances in technology and operating concepts are driving  significant changes in day-to-day police operations. The potential visions of the future of policing, based on the concept of jurisdiction, technology, and threat, and include concrete steps for implementation. This idea is based on a review of policing methods and theories from the 19th century to the present day. Recommendations include educating personnel and leaders to build internal support for change, transitioning to share technical platforms, and leveraging winning technologies. Because criminals will also use new technology that becomes available, the key to the future of policing will not be the technology itself; it will be the ways in which police forces adapt the technology to their needs. Conclusion There are many types of Police operations. Policing in general has a wide range of different kinds of strategies and areas. All of which are used today to keep our streets and community safe from crime and terrorism. There are many different kinds of relationships in which police officers have with the community to this day, in order for the community to assist the police in any way they can. The use of technology that is used with in the many different branches of police, military and government are all sign that paint the way to the future of what the police force and military and government will become as the years go by into the future. References Cooke, L. G., & Hahn, L. R. (2006, November). The Missing Link in Homeward Security. Retrieved from http://www.policechiefmagazine.org/magazine/index.cfm?fuseaction=display_arch&article_id=1048&issue_id=112006 Keating, M. (2012). Big Drop in Police deaths last year. Retrieved from http://govpro.com/public_safety/law/poice-deaths-low-20100112 Schultz, P. D. (2008, June). Technology in Police Departments. Retrieved from http://www.policechiefmagazine.org/magazine/index.cfm?fuseaction=display&article_id=1527&issue_id=62008 USLegal.com. (2012). Less-lethal weapon law & legal definition. Retrieved from http://definitions.unlegal.com/I/less-lethal-weapon/ Copblock.org. (2010, September 13). How dangerous is Police Work? Retrieved from http://www.copblock.org/923/how-dangerous-is-police-work/