The Exclusion Of Women During The Meiji Period - 1524 Words

Women could be empowered by their role in the kitchen, as it could be seen as a mission â€Å"that transcended petty partisan politics.† The exclusion of women from politics is oppressive in the way that it paints them as incapable, and also forces women into a narrowly defined role not allowing for anything else. On the other hand, their exclusion can be justified by the fact that they are respected enough to have important duties, rather than by a negative judgement of their physical or mental capacity. Women were excluded from politics, and were instead expected to be good mothers and wives, pushing them further into the kitchen in Japanese history, and these restrictions can be seen as contrasting views of oppression and empowerment.†¦show more content†¦In turn, the Japanese government raised expectations of women and their role as mothers to serve the nation and the wartime effort; Helen Lee sums up that â€Å"the home and motherhood were central vehicles for the building and management of the japanese empire.† Japan’s power-hungry imperialist attitude demanded the main goal of any Japanese citizen to be service to the government and the empire [capitalize empire ever]. In Korea specifically, the government wanted to eradicate indigenous cultures and uproot the cultural identity of the Koreans, forcing them to be loyal to Japan, going as far as forcing the use of the Japanese language, and mandating name changes, which a majority of Koreans actually complied with. Diet was a major factor in preserving Japanese identity for Japanese colonizers residing in Korea, and became a key element in Japan establishing an identity as a colonizer. In Korea, the supply of Japanese food was decreasing, threatening the ability of settlers to maintain a Japanese diet and not submit to using the food of the colonized. Lee explains that, â€Å"In this context, rituals of displaying Japanese cultural membership in the motherland at the family dining table took on a greater importance.† Japanese mothers felt that the body of the Japanese nation was at stake. The meals Japanese mothers fed their families were supposed to cultivate a national identity, and at theShow MoreRelatedCultural Influence Of The Meiji Era On Japanese Food Culture2559 Words   |  11 PagesIn producing an anthropological account of my chosen meal event, which is my experience of dining at the ‘Meiji’ restaurant in Osaka, I will use a mixed-theoretical approach which is influenced by Mintz’s (1985) Sweetness and Power to show how material conditions and symbolic representations of food are interrelated. Firstly, I will look at the historical influence of the Meiji Era on Japanese food culture (Anderson 2005; Hiroko 2008). I will then look at gender in Japanese food culture, specificallyRead MoreJapanese Internment Camps Essay1867 Words   |  8 PagesDid the United States violate Japanese Americans human rights during Wor ld War 2? While the attack on Pearl Harbor was a devastating time in United States history and the attack being conducted by the Japanese government, it didn’t not justify Japanese Americans being put into internment camps. The fear of a Japanese attack on mainland United States soil prompted the United States government to create these internment camps. Such fear lead to innocent Japanese Americans to live in a way that couldRead MoreEconomic Aspects of Agrarian Reform12715 Words   |  51 Pagesin agriculture and its proper eforcement. 5. Removal of subsidies on inputs to agriculture by Govt. and direct subsidy to the poor for purchase of agricultural produce for food, where necessary. 6.Removal of export levies on agriculture except in periods of serious shortages. 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The Construction Process Of Gender - 3094 Words

How gender is constructed in gyms Introduction Gender, as a basic classification of human beings has attracted much more attention than before because it played an essential role in the process that feminists fight for women s equality in the society. Scholars have proposed numerous theories from various dimensions. The relationship of organizations and gender is one of popular dimension in academic researches. Because the organization is an area in which widely disseminated cultural images of gender are invented and reproduced(Acker, 1990). Therefore, organizations are typical places where gender is constructed. Analysis of the construction process of gender in the organization will reflect how the public understand the concept of gender, and will reveal the relationship between male and female in modern society. This essay will choose two organizations as cases to analyse the construction process of gender, through which argues that gender is social constructed, based on biological sex. However, binary understanding of gender may produce gender stereotypes, which has negative influence on individuals and the society. Therefore, the tightly link between gender and biological sex should be loosed up. In the first part of this essay will define what is gender in academic. Afterwards, analysis of how gender is constructed in selected organizations will follow, At last, this essay will evaluate the construction process of gender. Definition gender, as a noun toShow MoreRelatedSocial Construction Of Gender Is A Process, Stratification System And Structure1838 Words   |  8 PagesExam 1. Social Construction of Gender is a process, stratification system and structure. The day to day interactions emphasize gender as opposites. Take for instance, conversations, formalities of daily life, sayings, and so on. The social construction of gender is created through social interaction – through the things we do and say with other people. This means that gender it is not a fixed or inherent fact, but instead it varies across time and place.(The Social Construction Of Gender). Sex denotesRead MoreHow Is Gender Constructed And How Useful Is The Term Performance For Understanding This Process? Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesHow is gender constructed and how useful is the term ‘performance’ for understanding this process? Illustrate your answer drawing on ethnographic examples from at least two societies. When discussing gender, we are faced with two opposing ideas: biology versus social construct, or ‘nature versus nurture.’ From a social constructivist viewpoint, gender is not an inherent truth but constructed through society’s expectations and norms. Those who believe in the biological repudiate these claims, firmlyRead MoreIn â€Å"Two Boys Kissing, † David Levithan Shares The Stories1228 Words   |  5 Pagesteenagers who are all gay, and the experiences they have while coming to terms with it. Even though three of the main characters have different stories and are at different stages their everyday experiences are influenced by gender as a process, the social construction of gender, and oppression. These three concepts shape and influence the stories shared in this book, but the main theme stands true and that is to be proud of who you are as a person and an individual no matter who that may be. RyanRead MoreGender Is Not So Much Determined By God Nor By Biology Essay1618 Words   |  7 PagesThe process of becoming gendered whereby an individual is modified to emulate behaviour that’s expected of from one’s allocated gender is not biologically processed. Instead it is a result of social modification. 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Had I been born as a daughter, I would not doubt that many privileges that I have enjoyed in my family, school, and society were tough, if not impossible to obtain. The widespread gender discrimination was itself a societal jurisdiction in ensuring that males were the superior part of the society. ToRead MoreSocial Construction of Gender1183 Words   |  5 Pagesexactly is â€Å"Gender† and what a â€Å"Social Construct† means. GENDER In a layman’s language, Gender is simply the distinction between male and female. However, if we look deeper in well, we will notice the gender construction starts with the association of sex category at the time of birth. Sex is the biological distinction between a man and a woman and gender is based on sex. 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To examine and evaluate the role of current policies introduced by the construction industry and government in changing the current practices. 4. To propose changes and make recommendations to support recruitment, retention and career development of women in construction. The following sections

E-Marketing Strategy Free Essays

E-marketing is an effective tool to establish and strength the corporate brand image. The brand relation can be strengthened by online presence (through website and services) with an aim to retain the customers and eliminate the price factor. More and more people are using net which is creating great potential for online business. We will write a custom essay sample on E-Marketing Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now A brand expressed the hopes and expectations of customers. The online presence of an established brand also requires such criterions where customers expect some thing different than every day website. For an well known brand, it is not just dumping information online, but establishing communication, telling the visitors clearly; what is company about and what it stand for? Pepsi is successful in conveying that image. Its website www. pepsi. com is filled with many innovative features to capture the attention of visitors. The E-marketing strategy is based on the similar principals as traditional marketing 4P’s (Product, Price, Promotion and Position); however online marketing needs some additional P’s (People, Process, and Proof). E-marketing is the extended form of traditional marketing requiring the synthesis of the following factors; Personalization, Privacy and Security, Customer Service, Site, Sales Promotion. These functions allow managers to further their businesses online. (a) Personalization The basic concept behind the personalization is to understand a certain customer and establish relation. Thus the vital issue is to gather information about customer and then develop personalized products and services. For example Amazon asks the customers to make an account; where customer provides information about themselves. Based on this customer information, every time a customer logs in, products related to customer interests automatically pops up. This strategy works two ways; it allows the marketers to target individuals on personal level; and on the other hand it allows individual customers to go no further, but find product right in front of their eyes. (b) Privacy and Security Privacy is related to personalization. When businesses gathers information and store this customer information; the crucial issue is to make it safe. A major task of e-marketing strategy is to develop policy or guide lines for gathering information and keep this information private and confidential. Another crucial issue is security. Any transaction performed on the websites becomes the responsibly of the business and to ensure that no outsider is able to access the information. Thus a wise marketer will convey clear and convincing the customers that their provided data is safe hands. (c) Customer Service Like any traditional business, customer service is an essential part of e-business. Good customer service is a key to gain loyalty form the customers. Compared to traditional service online shoppers can come from anywhere in the world with different time zones; providing 24/7 customer service in crucial. One example is precisionreservation. com which provides online (hotel) booking to travelers. The booking is done automatically, while the copy of booking is sent via email. In case of any question, live support is available 24/7 through online customer service. Such excellent strategy allows the customers service to reach customers in real-time. d) Site E-marketing interaction takes place online on digital location which is called site. This location /site have to be available 24/7 and should have the infrastructure to support the number of visitors it receives each day. For any online business, the name should be very clear and should not be confused with any other name. The site should not have any resemblance to any other brand or any other business which makes t he customers confused. Any such resemblance is considered unethical practice and has severe consequences. Another issue is scalability; Amazon receives million of visitors with hundreds of orders each day. Amazon is able to meet the growing number of customers orders as its website has the vital infrastructure for its growing number of customers. (e) Promotions In any effective marketing campaigns, sales promotions are crucial. While developing an e-marketing strategy it is essential to develop online sales promotions targeted at shoppers. The target of any promotion is not long term sales, but achieving immediate goals (in term of volumes). Other than traditional methods; such as discount marketing manger needs to understand the latest technology well enough to exploit it. For example; doing promotions through RSS, which instead of news letter provides almost live data on day- to- day basis. It is very easy for online shoppers to compare the price before they make purchase; which makes it inevitable to check the competitors prices and promotions before starting any campaign. Conclusion For companies who already have established brands need to reach to the online consumers through consistent advertising to enhance their corporate image. One easy way is use the search engines; such as Yahoo and Google who offer relevant add with the queries surfers are seeking. This strategy helps in reaching old and new customers more effectively rather than waiting for customers. E-marketing needs new dimension to be considered compared with traditional marketing, even though e-marketing is evolved from traditional marketing. However such concepts revolve around the principal where customer and business can reach each other in a meaningful way. 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Organisations Namely Airbus Qantas Airways-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Organisations Namely Airbus Qantas Airways? Answer: Introduction The study has been able to consider the two organisations namely Airbus and Qantas Airways. This Airbus organization has been considered as leader in aerospace industry. The main operations of the company have been further seen to be associated to the company based on the design deliverables associated to the aero space products. The company is further seen to consider the manufacturing and design process at a global scale. As the company has been further considered as the leader in commercial aircraft, it has been recognized with the largest space and aeronautics organization in Europe across the world. It has been further observed that the company has been seen to be considered as European heritage and situated in 180 locations with 12,000 direct suppliers located globally. The final consideration for the assembly lines is seen to base on the aircraft and helicopter operations located in Europe, Asia and America. Till date it has been seen that the company has been able to generate total revenue of 66.66 bn in 2016. This has been further identified with a total increase of 3% in compare to 2014 (Airbusgroup. 2017). The operations of Qantas Airways have been identified as a flagship airline carrier in the world in the international destinations. This has been further seen to be considered based on the destinations, size of the fleet and international flight. The airline operator has been further has been further regarded as the third oldest airline carrier preceding KLM and Avaianca. Some of the main consideration of the Company has been seen to be operational based on the operations of 1920. The company has been first seen to start its operations in 1920 and took its first business flight in the year 1935. The operations of Qantas have been seen to locate in the suburb of Mascot along with the main hub being located in Sydney Airport. The primary subsidiaries of the company have been seen to be considered within Australia under Qantas Link (Qantas.com. 2017). The main consideration made in the report has been able to address on the aim for both the organizations. The important considerations made in the report have been showed based on customer benefit package and value chain analysis. The important aspects of the study has been further able to show the different types of the considerations made in the report related to the strategic vision and operational strategy. Findings: The company has been used to understand the various benefits of the customers and the organizations as an individual. It has been further able to focus on the value chain with various benefits and drawbacks. Customer Benefits Package: The customer analysis has been based on understanding the important aspects of individual organization and benefits of the customers. It has been further bale to focus on the sub section of operation management and considered two important business aspects (Turegeldinova 2014). The various types of results associated to the study have been further able to state that Airbus has been recognised popularly globally. The appreciation from customer and the loyalty has been able to gain considerable customer appreciation even during recession and the various types of downswing in the economy. In some of the other regions apart from Australia, the customers of Airbus have been seen to be most satisfied in nature. Airbus is seen to launch store card for accessing the various customer information and automatic rewards, additional cards has been able to consider for the supplies to Singapore Airlines, Emirates, and Qantas. It has been regarded as self service of Airbus. This consideration has been related to the protection of the lost cards. This has been also regarded as the due convenience of the customers and has been able to launch store card for accessing of customer information. This has been further seen to comprise of various types of automatic rewards and add itional cards considers the supplies to other airline operators (Watson et al. 2015). Qantas Airways has been able to contribute significantly in terms of economy in Australia and the customers have been able to get benefited with the operations. The airline company has been seen to supply different types of provisions for economic flight fares along with various types of special facilities. There was company has been further seen as a greater connectivity to the portfolio, standardise improvement and safety of the passengers. So the other types of benefits of the company have been seen to improve the customer loyalty and employees at the same time (Wu, Guo and Shi 2013). Value Chain Design: This design has been based on the various types of vital aspects such as company structure and in understanding the different types of internal activities of particular firm. The depression of the value chain for Airbus is seen to be based on providing the best services and supplies to its customers. Figure 1: Overview of Value Chain of Airbus (Source: Fujitsu.com. (2017) Figure 2: Supply Chain process of Airbus (Source: Airtn.eu. 2017) The activities associated to the Airbus value chain has been able to concentrate on convenient customer experience. It has been further seen that the main function of the value chain has been seen to be based on the following factors: In-bound logistics The inbound logistics is fully seen to be managed by Airbus as the company has fully taken the responsibility of owning the products. It has been further seen that the company is able to successfully control the distribution of the various associated products (Andreassen and Lindestad 1998). Procurement and logistics: The different types of stringent laws associated to the company have been further able to concentrate on the reduction of issues associated to the produce. In addition to this, the suppliers are seen to be trusted with the various types of activities which involve labelling and packaging of the materials. The value chain of Qantas Airways has considered various cost efficiencies for the overall implementation of different opportunities. Considering the varying demands of the customers at Qantas Airways there has been always a latent capacity identified which is increasing (Javad Kabir et al. 2013). Figure 3: Qantas Airways Value Chain Source: (Aircraftit.com. 2017) The significant degree of flexibility is needed to various types of onshore projects has been seen to be implemented based on technological advancements and the level of safety. Advantages The various types of noted benefits associated to Qantas Airways are listed below as follows: The flexible strategic tool used for overall business outlook has been fully considered The organisation is successful in assisting addressing of various types of existing problems SWOT analysis process has been customised There is a possibility of making industry value chain to grow Disadvantages: The various types of flexibility associated to the designated business needs to adapt to the overall value chain process It has been further observed that only a handful of the exports has been able to family arrived themselves with the value chain process The understanding of the different levels of the strategic scenarios has reduced over the years In several occasions it has been observed that the company has not maintained that appropriate business structure Analysis: Strategy and Strategic Vision: The important strategy considerations of Airbus are as follows Formation of single team building of cohesive strategy for brand promotion process announcement and cost reduction stores refreshment Updating of product offering The process associated to corporate planning of Qantas Airways has been further seen to consider the following principles which are stated below: Board ownership in terms of overview and strategic priorities Alignment and integration with consistency in the business formed with corporate plan Prompt the engagement of policies based on functions of marketing and a presence Formulation of strategy for short-term as well as long-term planning Enhancement of the overall impacts of short-term shocks and improving the robustness associated to the long-term events Competitive priorities: Some of the main considerations of Airbus are seen to be associated with rising number of rival forms such as Boeing, Bombardier, Mitsubishi, COMAC, Embraer and Irkut. However despite of the increasing competition Airbus remains a favourite among various airline operators. Due to the factors such as recession, efficient and partial prosperity of Airbus has not been seen to be getting affected. Moreover, the company is seen to be only high amount of loyalty to its customers (Germann et al. 2014). The primary source of the data associated to complete an advantage for Qantas Airways Qantas Airways has been found in economy and diversity of the flights. The main focus has been further given on reducing operating costs and improving on the core investment in customer service along with reducing the capital expenditure. Recommendations: The main recommendation to the Air has been seen to be on matters related to installation of A380s electrical systems in use aircraft carriers. It has been further asserted that the company should reduce the cash flow. The primary focus of the Airbus has been given to the suppliers and hence it should improve to regain the loyalty of those suppliers buy products at this price. Some of the other focus needs to be given on the various types of demands and development policy of Airbus. The main considerations of the company have been seen with delivering of new products with improved experience for the various types of airliners (Rikknen and Honkanen 2013). The main considerations for Qantas Airways have been seen to be associated with the villagers of production facilities along with its services. There are should further give emphasis on providing better service to the passengers and improve its existing amenities. In addition to giving economic flight the company should also emphasise on giving special facilities to the customers and build on customer loyalty programs. The aforementioned strategies will be conducive in increasing the overall profit margin and customer base of the company. The different types of dealerships of the company have been seen with various types of establishments with the renowned companies and this will be beneficial to the company in terms of minimising the cost (Miller and Mork 2013). Conclusion: The study has shown that both companies have been seen to fight global competition in an effective manner. The individual companies may consider the unique collaboration of services, customer base and special facilities. The prices of quantity levels and consumer goods have been seen to be worth emphasising on for global dominance. With much emphasis on Airbus it can be said that the company is effectively managing the sourcing of suppliers irrespective of its positioning in Australia. With different types of subsidiaries and provide economic flights it has been seen that Qantas should build on developing a fair to share its knowledge and continue building on the optimisation process. References Airbusgroup. (2017).About Airbus. [online] Available at: https://company.airbus.com/company/about-airbus.html [Accessed 8 Aug. 2017]. Aircraftit.com. (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.aircraftit.com/Uploads/ContentPages/CMS/Images/qantas%20business%20management%20system.png [Accessed 8 Aug. 2017]. Airtn.eu. (2017). [online] Available at: https://airtn.eu/wp-content/uploads/airtn-airbus-new-energies-presentation.pdf [Accessed 8 Aug. 2017]. Andreassen, T. W. and Lindestad, B. (1998) Customer loyalty and complex services: The impact of corporate image on quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty for customers with varying degrees of service expertise, International Journal of Service Industry Management, 9(1), pp. 723. doi: 10.1108/09564239810199923. Fujitsu.com. (2017).Visualizing the Value Chain [Airbus S.A.S.] : Fujitsu United States. [online] Available at: https://www.fujitsu.com/us/vision/customerstories/airbus/ [Accessed 8 Aug. 2017]. Germann, F., Lilien, G. L., Fiedler, L. and Kraus, M. (2014) Do Retailers Benefit from Deploying Customer Analytics?, Journal of Retailing, 90(4), pp. 587593. doi: 10.1016/j.jretai.2014.08.002. Javad Kabir, M., Vatankhah, S., Delgoshaei, B., Ravaghei, H., Jafari, N., Heidari, A., Behnampour, N., Reza Honarvar, M. and Etemad, K. (2013) Determinant criteria for designing Health benefit package in selected countries, Life Science Journal, pp. 13921403. Miller, H. G. and Mork, P. (2013) From data to decisions: A value chain for big data, IT Professional, 15(1), pp. 5759. doi: 10.1109/MITP.2013.11. Rikknen, J. and Honkanen, A. (2013) Does satisfaction with package tours lead to successful vacation experiences?, Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 2(2), pp. 108117. doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2013.03.002. Turegeldinova, A. Z. (2014) Analysis of the effectiveness of benefit package structure, Actual Problems of Economics, 151(1), pp. 383387. Watson, G. F., Beck, J. T., Henderson, C. M. and Palmatier, R. W. (2015) Building, measuring, and profiting from customer loyalty, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(6), pp. 790825. doi: 10.1007/s11747-015-0439-4. Wu, J., Guo, B. and Shi, Y. (2013) Customer knowledge management and IT-enabled business model innovation: A conceptual framework and a case study from China, European Management Journal, 31(4), pp. 359372. doi: 10.1016/j.emj.2013.02.001.

Question Bank free essay sample

What is Software Development Life Cycle? (SDLC) (2 mks) System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the overall process of developing information systems through a multi-step process from investigation of initial requirements through analysis, design, implementation and maintenance. b) Draw a diagram for pure waterfall life cycle. (5 mks) [pic] c)Explain the different phases involved in waterfall life cycle. (8 mks) Phase I – Modeling Phase In this phase we view the software product as part of a larger system or organization where the product is required. This is basically a system view where all the system elements are created. Phase II – Software Requirements Analysis Here we have a phase where the requirements are gathered. The information domain for the software is understood. The function, behaviour, performance and interfacing of the software are determined. The requirements of the software and the customer are decided upon. Phase III – Design This determines the data structures, the software architecture, the interface representations and the procedural (algorithmic) detail that goes into the software. We will write a custom essay sample on Question Bank or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Phase IV – Code Generation Here the actual programming is done to obtain the machine code; it is an implementation of the design. Phase V – Testing The testing is a process that goes hand in hand with the production of the machine code. There are a number of testing strategies. First unit testing is done and then integration testing. Alpha testing is to see if the software is as per the analysis model whereas beta testing is to see if the software is what the customer wanted. Phase VI – Installation The software is released to the customer. Phase VII Maintenance This is the largest phase of the software life cycle. Maintenance can be of different types: to modify the software as the requirements of the customer evolve, to remove the residual bugs in the software etc. 2)What is feasibility study? What are the contents we should contain in the feasibility report? (5 mks) A feasibility study is an initial look at an existing information processing system to decide how it might be computerized or improved. The contents that a feasibility report are: †¢ A statement of purpose of the system. †¢ A definition of system scope. †¢ A list of deficiencies of the current system. †¢ A statement of user requirements. The cost and benefits of development. †¢ A conclusion and recommendations. 3)What are the purposes of Data Flow diagrams, Entity-Relationship diagrams? Give an example diagram of each. (10 mks) Data Flow Diagrams Data Flow diagrams are a means of representing a system at any level of detail with a graphic network of symbols showing data flows, data stores, data processes, and data sources/destinations. The purpose of data flow diagrams is to provide a semantic bridge between users and systems developers. The diagrams are: †¢ Graphical Eliminating thousands of words; Logical representations Modeling WHAT a system does, rather than physical models showing HOW it does it †¢ Hierarchical showing systems at any level of detail; and †¢ Jargonless allowing user understanding and reviewing. [pic] Entity Relationship Diagram E-R Diagram is a graphical representation of the data layout of a system at a high level of abstraction. It defines data elements and their inter-relationships in the system [pic] 4)What is data modeling? Give 5 examples for data modeling. (5 mks) Data modeling is the act of exploring data-oriented structures. Like other modeling artifacts data models can be used for a variety of purposes, from high-level conceptual models to physical data models. From the point of view of an object-oriented developer, data modeling is conceptually similar to class modeling. With data modeling you identify entity types whereas with class modeling you identify classes. Data attributes are assigned to entity types just as you would assign attributes and operations to classes. Examples for data modeling include: †¢ Entity-Relationship diagrams †¢ Entity-Definition reports †¢ Entity and attributes report †¢ Table definition report Relationships, inheritance, composition and aggregation. 5)What is the difference between SRS document and design document? What are the contents we should contain in the SRS document and design document. SRS Document SRS document is a contract between the development team and the customer. Once the SRS document is approved by the customer, any subsequent controversies are settled by referring the SRS document. SRS document defines the customer’s requirements in terms of Functions, performance, external interfaces and design constraints. SRS Includes: †¢ Functional †¢ Non functional User †¢ Interface †¢ System Design Document The purpose of a design is to describe how the enhancements will be incorporated into the existing project. It should contain samples of the finished product. This could include navigational mechanism screenshots, example reports, and component diagrams. Design Includes: †¢ E-R Diagrams †¢ Data flow diagrams †¢ Data Dictionary 6)Explain all the phases involved in the implementation phase. (10 mks) Conduct system Test In this test software packages and in – house programs have been installed and tested, we need to conduct a final system test. All software packages, custom- built programs, and many existing programs that comprise the new system must be tested to ensure that they all work together This task involves analysts, owners, users, and builders. Prepare Conversion Plan On successful completion of system test, we can begin preparations to place the new system into operation. Using the design specifications for the new system, the system analyst will develop a detailed conversion plan. This plan will identify Database to be installed, end – user training and documentation that needed to be developed, and a strategy for converting from the old system to the new system. The conversion plan may include one of the following commonly used installation strategies 1)  Abrupt Cut-over 2)  Parallel Conversion 3)  Location Conversion 4) Staged Conversion Install Databases In the previous phase we built and tested the database. To place the system into operation we need fully loaded databases. The purpose of this task is to populate the new systems databases with existing database from the old system. System builders play a primary role in this activity. Train Users Converting to a new system necessitates that system users be trained and provided with documentation that guides them through using the new system. Training can be performed one on one; however group training is preferred. This task will be completed by the system analysts and involves system owners and users. Convert to New System Conversion to the new system from old system is a significant milestone. After conversion, the ownership of the system officially transfers from the analysts and programmers to the end users. The analyst completes this task by carrying out the conversion plan Recall that the conversion plan includes detailed installation strategies to follow for converting from the existing to the new production information system. This task involves the system owners, users, analysts, designers, and builders. 7)List and explain different types of testing done during the testing phase. (10 mks) Unit Involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal program logic is functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All decision branches and internal code flow should be validated. Unit testing involves the use of debugging technology and testing techniques at an application component level and is typically the responsibility of the developers, not the QA staff. Integration As the system is integrated, it is tested by the system developer for specification compliance. †¢Concerned with testing the system as it is integrated from its components †¢Integration testing is normally the most expensive activity in the systems integration process †¢Should focus on: †¢Interface testing where the interactions between sub-systems and components are tested †¢Property testing where system properties such as reliability, performance and usability are tested System Testing the system as a whole to validate that it meets its specification and the objectives of its users. The testing of a complete system prior to delivery. The purpose of system testing is to identify defects that will only surface when a complete system is assembled. That is, defects that cannot be attributed to individual components or the interaction between two components. System testing includes testing of performance, security, configuration sensitivity, startup and recovery from failure modes. Involves test cases designed to validate that an application and its supporting hardware/software components are properly processing business data and transactions. System testing requires the use of regression testing techniques to validate that business functions are meeting defined requirements. Black Box This is testing without knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested. For example, when black box testing is applied to software engineering, the tester would only know the legal inputs and what the expected outputs should be, but not how the program actually arrives at those outputs. It is because of this that black box testing can be considered testing with respect to the specifications, no other knowledge of the program is necessary. For this reason, the tester and the programmer can be independent of one another, avoiding programmer bias toward his own work. White Box Also known as glass box, structural, clear box and open box testing. White Box is a software testing technique whereby explicit knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested are used to select the test data. Unlike Black Box testing, white box testing uses specific knowledge of programming code to examine outputs. The test is accurate only if the tester knows what the program is supposed to do. He or she can then see if the program diverges from its intended goal. White box testing does not account for errors caused by omission, and all visible code must also be readable. 8)List and explain all the phases involved in the construction phase. (10 mks) Build and Test Networks †¢ In many cases new or enhanced applications are built around existing networks. If so there is no problem. †¢ However if the new application calls for new or modified networks they must normally be implemented before building and testing databases and writing or installing computer programs that will use those networks. This phase involves analysts, designers and builders †¢ A network designer and network administrator assume the primary responsibility for completing this task. Build and Test Databases †¢ This task must immediately precede other programming activities because databases are the resource shared by the computer programs to be written. If new or modified databases are required for the new system, we can now build and test those databases. †¢ This task involves system users, analysts, designers, and builders. †¢ The same system specialist that designed the database will assume the primary responsibility in completing this task Install and Test New Software Packages †¢ Some systems solutions may have required the purchase or lease of software packages. If so, once networks and databases for the new system have been built, we can install and test the new software. †¢ This activity typically involves systems analysts, Designers, builders, vendors and consultants. Write and Test New Programs †¢ In this phase we are ready to develop any programs for the new system. Prototype programs are frequently constructed in the design phase. However, these prototypes are rarely fully functional or incomplete. This task involves the system analysts, designers and builders. 9)What is data conversion? Why is it necessary? Data Conversion is the changing of the data structure to accommodate new or different needs for the data. Different operating systems have different application software, and each application normally has its own internal way of saving data. There are some standards such as CSV files for databases and RTF files for word processing text, however, these are few and far between and often only save the basic information rather than the full structure. 10)What is change management? Computer based systems are dynamic. As the business Environment changes, there is a need of some changes to the information system. The changes occur not only during the study, design, and development phases of the life cycle of the system. In this process there are two elements that are essential to the management of change. †¢ The performance review board, which can make management–level decisions about system modifications. †¢ Baseline documentation, which can be referred to, to determine the extent and impact of proposed modifications. 11)What is user acceptance testing? Explain different testings in user acceptance testing. Why is it necessary? User Acceptance Testing is a phase of software development in which the software is tested in the real world by the intended audience. Different testings are: Alpha Testing Alpha testing is the software prototype stage when the software is first able to run. It will not have all the intended functionality, but it will have core functions and will be able to accept inputs and generate outputs. An alpha test usually takes place in the developers offices on a separate system. Beta Testing The beta phase of software design exposes a new product, which has just emerged from in-house (alpha) testing, to a large number of real people, real hardware, and real usage. Beta testing is not a method of getting free software long-term, because the software expires shortly after the testing period. User acceptance testing is used to know if the system is working or not (both clients in-house) 12)What are functional and non-functional requirements? Functional †¢ How the system should react to the particular inputs †¢ How the system should behave to the particular situations †¢ What the system should not do Non functional †¢ Constraints on the services or functions †¢ Time constraints †¢ Constraints on the development process 13)Explain the steps involved in the prototyping 1. Define the goal and purpose of the prototyping. 2. Make plans for iterations (number, range) and evaluations (dates). 3. Transform the conceptual design to a first outline of the user interface and a first synopsis for the users’ information. 4. Design the paper prototype. 5. Let domain experts review the paper prototype regarding completeness and correctness. 6. Test the prototype’s usability.

Marketing Principles at Tip

Marketing Principles at Tip Introduction Marketing is a broad area that passes out both as an art and science of communicating the value of goods and the efficacy of services to customers for the exclusive purpose of selling such products and rendering the services (Durkovic 2009, p. 59). Seen from an organisational level, Durkovic (2009, p. 61) opines that marketing offers a set of processes that are instrumental in creating opportunities for delivering and communicating product and services.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Marketing Principles at Tip-Top Accessories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The aim however, is to create value to prospective customers while augmenting customer relationship management that benefit an organisation in turn. The topics under the study explore collaborative learning with group interactive marketing environment. The paper makes it clear that marketing is not just the acquisition of new customer base, an d that it is a process takes into consideration the responsibility of underscoring the efficacy of specific change aspects that are typical of business growth. Intensive marketing validates a rich way of using the available resources to meet the needs of businesses, and these are in the form of concepts and processes of marketing, marketing segmentation, targeting, and positioning. Moreover, the paper deals with the efficacies of learning outcomes such as elements of extended marketing mix as well as the social dimensions achieved through the learning process. Precisely, in essence this article aims at inspiring human resource capacity to utilise the resource available like knowledge to convert further abilities and services into tangible marketing skills. The basis of this article aims at designing the systems that shape human learning such as arranging the facilities, coming up with procedures that align the marketing processes with an inventory acquisition framework, and scheduli ng the learning outcomes and tasks, while providing a safe passage that ensures changes occur within a business organisation in a smooth effective, and rapid way. Findings and discussions The concept and process of marketing Business is an arena of adjustments, the value of which is to keep with the market trends within which organisations operate. The world over, marketing professionals constantly adjust their business strategy and tact to wage their competitive advantage and reach out to the ever changing customer demands (Lamarre, Galarneau and Boeck 2012, p. 36). Therefore, Tip-Top Accessories marketing professionals must adjust their business strategy and tact to reach out to the ever-changing customer demands. With the contemporary competitive markets Lamarre et al. (2012, p. 45) opines that mobility in the concept of marketing is rapidly becoming an option in business.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your fir st paper with 15% OFF Learn More At their behest, contemporary markets continue to evolve as apparatus for allocating resources and a hub investing in communities. Well-organised competitive markets have the capacity to maximise consumer welfare to raise economic growth and cumulatively increase the total welfare of the regions under which they operate (Lamarre et al. 2012, p. 56). With development in marketing trends, firms have the capacity to thrive and provide what the consumers want and in the process, they aim at delivering the best to outdo their competitors. The new marketing trends offer great opportunities for effective competition, which in turn inspires effective competition with the likelihood of bringing significant benefits to consumers. With effective competition, Hill (2012, p. 56) is optimistic that there is an increase in consumer satisfaction by ensuring that that businesses offers variety, greater choices, affordable prices as well as better qual ity of goods and services. Effective competition guarantees strong incentives for businesses to be more efficient and innovative in their operations thus helping them to raise economic growth across the board (Hill 2012, 69). Within this business ambience, markets have always sought to deliver the utmost outcomes to their respective customers, to companies and even the governments under which they operate. Various elements of marketing process Innovative business mind-sets that the exiting business opportunities seek enable businesses to reach out to their customers successfully through a new concept of communication channel (Boone 2012, 65). Today, social media marketing trends shape the scope of business and define their limits by delivering great opportunities for business growth (Lamarre et al. 2012, 67).  The modern day marketing is highly interactive, and whereas businesses goes digital in the marketing concept, they have the capacity to reach out to an expansive consumer ni che (Boone 2012, p. 58). Social media marketing, for example, consists of web browser advantages with mobile device interfacing that makes it possible to offer continuous access to business products and services to the prospective customers regardless of place and time (Lamarre et al. 2012, p. 71). These developments in the concept of contemporary marketing brings forth effective competitiveness to that makes businesses to suffice as robust and dynamic with the capacity to shape and grow the economy in stature.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Marketing Principles at Tip-Top Accessories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally, the developmental paradigms of marketing are expansive with abilities to develop consumer by making value, service, and quality of products and services to be a priority in the making. Coupled with several endowments that technology brings into the business, the modern day marketing con tinues to be highly interactive with the capacity to reach out to an expansive consumer niche. Benefits of costs of marketing orientation Costs and marketing strategies are elements geared towards a competitive advantage, which in essence helps businesses gain over their competitors by guaranteeing customers’ enhanced value either by lowering prices or by extending additional benefits that cumulatively brings back the cash price. For businesses involved in a niche type marketing scenario, building and sustaining a robust competitive advantage reflects an increased profit margin that leads to business growth and sustainability. Businesses, according to Fraser (2012, p. 44), have to devise ways to design competitive advantage nonetheless. This is so because competitiveness is the route to survival in a crowded market. Competitive advantage does not grow out of a business’ natural endowments, its interest rates, its labour pool, or its public image as a classical economic unit, businesses device ways to create them. A business’ competitiveness rests on the capacity of its management and the workforce to innovate and upgrade for business growth and economic sustainability (Srivastava, Franklin and Martinette 2013, p. 48). Tip-Top Accessories can only gain competitive advantage against some of the renowned economic heavyweights if it maximises on the challenges and pressures prevailing in the market. Focused businesses benefit instead of waning from having robust domestic rivals, they strategize more from having demanding local customers, and aggressive local suppliers. In an economy of an increasingly global competiveness, Tip-Top Accessories have to become more prudent in laying the foundation of their market strategy to excel in the market and outdo competitors (Fraser 2012, p. 56). Given the proclivity of the business environment to lean towards the conception of assimilation of knowledge, market strategists have to expand their scope to me et the growing demands in the market to keep the business at par with the economic trends (Pitts and Lei 2000, p. 75). For greater outcome, building and sustaining a robust competitive advantage is by endearing a business to some of the least valued localised processes that other businesses might overlook.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The differences in the values of the businesses, their cultures, economic strengths, and management structures all contribute to the competitiveness of a business (Business Essentials: Marketing Principles 2010, p. 72). Striking differences exist in the patterns of competitiveness in every business, as such no one particular business will be competitive over the other in all situations. Ultimately, businesses succeed in a particular way because their domestic environments are innovative, dynamic, and for that matter challenging, thus pushing them further to strategize accordingly. Concepts of market segmentation, targeting, and positioning For Tip-Top Accessories to be effective and efficient in its operations, the company’s management must step up the target customer market scope across the UK and beyond. To achieve this stature, the business need to its market segmentation, target market, and positioning to explore the full score of its market operations. Market segmentatio n This, according to Brown (2005, p. 56), grouping a business’ various customers and placing them under segmentation schemes with various schemes that show common needs that require similar marketing action. In this framework, demographics may be instrumental for a business to focuses on consumer characteristics and in deed, elements of demography such as age, gender, education, job, income, and cultural background can all assist a business in determining its strength in the market. This applies to Tip Top in its bid to meet the needs of different customers. Moreover, elements of business such as psychographics are equally useful in determining the strength of a business in the market; this is so because the lifestyle of a customer base can produce the desired outcome if businesses chose to capitalise on it as a strength element. For instance, buyer behaviour and consumerism could be strategic business strength especially when the management opts to consider the modern trends that drive consumerism such as online shopping, brand preferences, service delivery based on prior purchases (Brown 2005, p. 51). Finally, geographical setting is equally a strong business attribute and Tip-Top Accessories may thrive on the scope of its operation based on the continent, region, country, state, or city, hence it is instrumental for the company to consolidate its strengths and exploit its opportunities. Targeting Upon segmenting the market, a business has to go a scale higher and choose its targets. Business ethics holds that no one particular strategy usually suits all customer groups. Hence, being able to come up with specific strategies pertinent to the business is very crucial (Brown 2005, p. 56). Different approaches are available for Tip-Top Accessories to choose from in their targeting venture. Some of the stratagems are discussed below: Undifferentiated targeting: Here a business observes its market, as a single group with no distinguishable sections, hence using a particular market tactic becomes an option. This marketing plan normally suffice as a better option for enterprises with little or no competition, hence there may be limited need to cushion the stratagems to answer the varied favourites prevailing in the target markets. Concentrated targeting: This strategy pays attention mainly on choosing a specific market place where promotion exertions have the utmost focus. A business has to focus on a single segment as part of its targeting approach so that it can concentrate on the groundwork to understand the needs of a particular market intensely. Tip Top Accessories may gain this type of strategy since laying great emphasis on a single segment may be useful in enabling it to compete successfully against its competitors. Multi-segment targeting: This style normally proves very instrumental where a business has to concentrate on more than one well-known market fragments in order to develop different strategies for the segments. This approach, therefore, provides several benefits, though this can be expensive given that it includes and demands the greater participation from the management. Moreover, it demands an increased market research as well as greater promotional strategies to make it successful. Overall, before settling on a given targeting plan, Tip Top has to conduct a cost benefit analysis that traverses all the available strategies necessary in determining the best approach that will best serve it. Positioning Positioning consists of developing products and services as brand image in the memory of the consumers (Norus 2006, p. 687). This may as well involve refining the view of consumers about the knowledge available in a particular product. In doing so, the business can be able to positively influence its customer base perceptions through strategic promotional drive and by categorically defining the marketing mix of the business (Brown 2005, p. 66). It is equally important to note that effective pos itioning entails a good grasp of the competing factors in a market and the benefits that that target market carries for a business. Therefore, Tip-Top Accessories must be able to ascertain a differential advantage under which it can optimally deliver the benefits pertinent to the market and eventually outshine its competitors. Finally, the business must aim to define itself in the lenses of the consumers while considering what their competitors puts into the market while considering what their competitors puts into the bargain. Extended Marketing Mix In the corporate world, many tools are available for use in accomplishing specific business tasks to ensure businesses deliver on their commitments to the markets. This type of delivery necessitates the application of known marketing tools considered to have the ability to deliver businesses to efficacy and prosperity (Johnson 2014). The marketing mix is therefore a combination of several factors with expansive range of choices that mak es it possible for businesses to market their products and services otherwise known in the language of the extended marketing mix as 7ps. Product As part of the business’ need to grow in stature, product development needs. Whether the business opt to trade in products or services, the business must take into account the fact that consumer needs are paramount and always seek to meet customer demands and expectations. This entails the fact that products may have to under some developments such as changing the names or packaging in order to keep with the trends in the market. In this mix, Tip-Top Accessories can apply product differentiation strategy just like Apple, BMW, and Mercedes Benz Companies. This approach will enable consumers differentiate its products from those of the competitors. Price Pricing is a very important business strategy that must be taken good care of when strategizing for markets. Profit margin together with the competing factors in a business may dictat e the price of a given product or service but the rule has to be able to deliver the best that accommodate the consumers (Johnson 2014). The prices of umbrellas and hats at Tip-Top Accessories should be lower than the competitors’ prices. Moreover, some elements under consideration within this mix are the associated issues that dictate the pricing formula such as leasing, financing, as well as other dictates of pricing in a business. Pricing as a strategy will further dictate other emergent factors such as the stores that keep the products for sale to various consumers. Promotion Promoting a business on the merits of its product strengths could be instrumental in taking the business to greater heights. It is, therefore, necessary for Tip-Top Accessories to put in place a strong public relations department to help in the promotional activities in order to enable consumers know the hats, umbrellas, and scarves that it sells. Promotional activities can bring greater an in-depth understanding of a business’ relative competitive positioning within a given market. As Norus (2006, p. 693) observes it adequately provide analysis of a business’ analysts with a clear framework with flawless framework to assess the impacts of the external condition on a business’ capacity to sustain the much sought after competitive advantage. Place A business has to know its area of operation and acquaint itself with the emergent needs of the customer base under which it operates. As such, transactional, logistical, and functional issues have to be taken into consideration (Norus 2006, p. 694). Decisions made to this end may include the needs to supply the stores with various products that meet diverse customer demands. People People constitute the first P of the extended marketing mix and these include various individuals ranging from those working for the businesses as well as those that constitute the business’ customer base. Tip-Top Accessories has to ensure that it has the capacity to recruit and retain profitable individuals that would guarantee great customer experience in the UK market, as well as globally. Physical evidence Product presentation is very important to the growth of a business. Tip-Top Accessories must ensure that their products have the physical presence in the areas they explore to develop a robust existence in the market to put itself strategically for a competitive advantage. Process Process as the final P has a lot to do with customer service and the business’ ability to deliver services, offer products, handle complaints, and forestall any business actualities. The process aims to garner greater customer experience by building customer confidence in the business’ ability to handle and mitigate business concerns. Supplier power Supplier power, according to Adcock, Halborg, and Ross (2001, p. 35), relates to how the business suppliers may sometime find it easy to hike prices in the process of business. This normally occurs due the number of the suppliers in the business and their reliability to do so. Moreover, the uniqueness of the suppliers’ commodity as well as the services they render may define the operation of the business. In addition, the control the suppliers may have over the business customers’ may also shape the scale of a business operation. Buyer power Buyer power, according to Adcock et al. (2001, p. 37), relates to the buyers may find it easy to pool down the business’s prices. The number of buyers in the market can easily make this necessary by constantly switching from one product or service rendered by one business to another. This scenario may prove particularly challenging for the business and for a business to ensure it retains its rich customer base it may have to strategize on customer retention plan to maintain its competitiveness. Conclusion/summary From the foregoing analysis, we can deduce that competitive advantage doe s not come into the business by itself to give a business an advantage over others. Just like in the operations of Tip-Top Accessories, a business’ competitiveness rests on the capacity of its management and the workforce to work within these modes to innovate and upgrade their strategies for business growth within the markets they operate. Moreover, businesses gain competitive advantage against their rivals because of the ability to maximise on the challenges and pressures prevailing in the market. Focused businesses benefit from these modes of competitive advantage instead of waning from having robust domestic rivals. Smart businesses strategize more from having demanding local customers, and aggressive local suppliers to know the trends in the market to help them stem their competitive advantage. In an economy within an increasingly global competiveness, businesses have to become more prudent in laying the foundation of their market strategy to excel in the market and outd o their competitors. Recommendations Tip-Top Accessories have to devise ways and popular means of devising competitive advantage to ensure a business stands a better chance in the marketplace. The major theoretical approaches discussed are available businesses for organisations to build a sustaining of competitive strategy. For the company to build and sustain a viable competitive advantage, it needs to focus constantly on identifying the diverse product and services to help in strategizing, reshaping the business core competencies, seeking out innovative technologies while consolidating greater intellectual property rights to make the business more distinct and appealing in the market. Finally, identifying what is central to business competitiveness is the hallmark to building a sustainable competitive advantage for all businesses. References Adcock, D., Halborg, A., and Ross, C 2001, Marketing: Principles and practice (4th ed.), Financial Times/Prentice Hall, Harlow. Business Esse ntials: Marketing Principles 2010, BPP Learning Media, Manchester. Boone, L 2012, Contemporary marketing, Cengage Learning Custom, London. Brown, I 2005, Marketing your service business, Thorogood Publishing Ltd, London. Durkovic, J 2009, â€Å"Development of human resources as strategic factors of the companies competitive advantage†, Economics and Organisation, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 59–67. Fraser, C 2012, Business statistics for competitive advantage with Excel 2010 basics, model building, and cases (2nd ed.), Springer, New York. Hill, C. W 2012, International business: competing in the global marketplace (10th ed.), McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York. Johnson, M 2014, Extended Marketing Mix: The 7 Ps of Marketing, https://blog.udemy.com/extended-marketing-mix/ Lamarre, A., Galarneau, S., and Boeck, H 2012, â€Å"Mobile marketing and consumer behaviours current research trend†, Int. J. Latest Trends Computing, vol. 3, no. 201, pp. 1-9. Norus, J 2006, â€Å"Building su stainable competitive advantage from knowledge in the region: The industrial enzymes industry†, European Planning Studies, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 681-696. Pitts, R. A., and Lei, D 2000, Strategic management: building and sustaining competitive advantage (2nd ed.), South-Western College Pub. Cincinnati, Ohio. Srivastava, M., Franklin, A., and Martinette, L 2013, â€Å"Building a sustainable competitive advantage†, Journal of Technology Management and Information, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 47-60.

Medication for ADHD Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Medication for ADHD Children - Essay Example It is also important to note that administration of different medications of ADHD achieves treatment results differently for different patients. Medication for ADHD Children Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurobehavioral condition that is common among children. The behavior can be regarded as an inappropriate developmental behavior with impairing degrees of hyperactivity and inattentitiveness. ADHD disorder is often accompanied by a significant co-morbidity. However, parents have hope since there are various methods of treating children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Treatment includes a variety of stimulants that are used to reduce hyperactivity and inattentiveness. These medications have sustained release of newer versions for improvement over previous disadvantages (Tobaiqy, et al., 2011, p.212). However, children with ADHD have been given medications that only help contain the situation and not to treat the disorder for a permanent solution with res pect to medication. Research claims have brought about controversial issues with regards to whether ADHD is wholly a biological illness causes a structural defect of the brain. ADHD medications that are being currently used to suppress and treat the individuals with disorder predominantly base its opinion on the fact that the disorder is a mixture of genetic disorder and environmental aspects. It is clear that medications focus on the brain since there are clear-cut evidence through differences of brains of non-ADHD patients and those with the disorder. This brings forth the medications focusing on the brain though there is no clear-cut evidence on how these brain differences result in ADHD. Medications being given to children with attention deficit disorder such as stimulants, antidepressants and even therapy can surely help treat the situation considering the prove of the disorder being a biological illness. However, medications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder needs r ethinking and advancement considering the fact that those patients with the disorder are biologically fit and normal. Dynamics are paramount given the fact that despite biological aspects contributing widely to hyperactivity, impulsivity and lack of attention, the patients found to have manifestations of these behavior are proved not to have any deficiencies biologically. It is important that these children receive better treatment since attention deficit disorder is a core issue of concern since these patients cannot work on or perform duties that are essential in the society. Despite ADHD patients non-performance they have the tendency of being attentive and performing tasks that are interesting and therefore cannot be left out in normal education. Governments have placed children with ADHD into consideration by giving them budgetary and policy priority to assist their education through improvement of the system of education in their favor. The principle of inclusive education has enabled children with ADHD to receive quality education despite shortcomings. Governments have encouraged participation of organizations, parents, and communities to facilitate inclusive education for these children. There are many stimulants for treating ADHD and each child may respond differently to the different stimulants. Some medications that work for one child may not work for

The real world of management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The real world of management - Essay Example Power is not a preserve of the top managers and bosses; it is a prerequisite of management at all levels. When abused, power can bring a previously successful organization down to its knees. Similarly, if power is used well and for the benefit of all employees it can bring up an organization that is previously perceived to be failing (Hatch & Cunliffe, 2006). For an employee to have a sense of belonging, engagement and happiness in any organization, they need to have power and control of situations. A good leader is one who does not use power for individual benefit but for the well being of the organization. Self centred people usually seek power to satisfy individual interests at the expense of the entire organization and colleagues. Power can be as good and bad as its source. If it is obtained through threats, humiliations, frustrations and intimidation of others, it becomes absolutely difficult to channel it for the benefit of the same people (Whatley, 2002). Absolute power is sai d to corrupt. As a result, power has to be balanced and checked so that it does not destroy an organization. It should be used to enhance control that seeks to uplift the standards of an organization and not derail or rob it of the already reaped gains. The Link between Power and Control There is a very close link between power and control at the workplace. Power gives an individual the ability to control and get things done. Control is a very significant component of management which gives an employee the confidence and a sense of feeling of having jurisdiction to take care of situations and circumstances (B2Bwhiteboard, 2012). Without power, control is absolutely impossible. A good leader is one who focuses his energy to work with others as a team to get things done. He is an individual who can discharge his duties both individually and within a team. In simple terms, he should be able to control the circumstances under which he works both individually and with others. However, no matter how energetic an individual may be, he cannot be able to control the team without power. It is, therefore, very clear that power and control are closely linked. It is also very evident that both power and control if wrongly used can bring about a feeling of dissatisfaction and a feeling of isolation among those who feel deprived of it (Bratton, Mills, Pyrch, & Sawchuk, 2003). Therefore, power should be balanced and checked to ensure that an organization is controlled in a manner that is not only acceptable but beneficial to the entire organization, its stakeholders including both the internal clients and employees. This should be done with the view that power leads to control implying that absolute power leads to absolute control, which may not be healthy in an organization (Pfeffer & Salancik, 2003). There are several sources of power. It may be obtained through coercion where people are forced into doing things owing to the dire consequences of failing to do them. In such situations, employees are forced to do things to avoid the punishment associated to the failure to perform such tasks. In some cases, power is obtained through reward. In such situations, employees are promised a reward for undertaking tasks. This could be in the form of a material gift. As such their loyalty is obtained. Whether obtained through intimidation, coercion or reward, power installs into an individual the capacity to control and direct the affairs at the workplace (Simon, 2009). Tensions and Contradictions Surrounding Power and Influence In most cases, people like too much of what is good. Power, however, is seen to be good and bad. When rightly used, power

Health Promotion in relation to Smoking control Essay

Health Promotion in relation to Smoking control - Essay Example 582-587). Both active and passive smokers are greatly affected by cigarette and tobacco smoking. The active smokers get affected directly whereas the passive smokers are affected indirectly (Oberg et.al, 2011, p.139-146). According to king et.al (2012, p.94), more than seven thousand American citizens and approximately thirty three thousand nine hundred American citizens die every year from lung cancer and heart related diseases following exposures to smoking. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2010, p. 7) further argue that active smoking and exposure to the second hand smoking kills more than four hundred and forty thousand American citizens every single year. However, this figure does not account for the ones who are left behind with severe illnesses attributable to smoking. With every one person who dies, twenty more are left suffering from other smoking related illnesses (Fiore, 2004, p. 204-210). This has further increased the burden of the government since it is estimated that the American government spends at least ninety six billion dollars every year to cater for the healthcare costs and further looses more than ninety seven billion dollars every year in terms of the productivity lost as a result of smoking every year (Farrelly et.al, 2013, p. 549-555). Despite, the dangers attributed to smoking, the habit is usually common in US with high school students and adults being the most affected groups in the society. It is even believed that in every group of five adults or high school students, one is a smoker (CDC, 2008, p. 5-8; CDC, 2009, p. 1227-1232). According to U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2010, p. 12-16), smoking today kills more than even HIV and AIDS and other drugs such as alcohol, heroin or even cocaine. Today, more than 8.6 million American citizens have chronic health conditions attributable to smoking

Human Resources Management (HRM) in Aviva

Human Resources Management (HRM) in Aviva Introduction Today, organizations are recognizing the importance of using best practices to enhance the skills and knowledge of the workforce to have a competitive edge over other organizations competing in the market. An essential component of every organization is training and development of its employees. The effectiveness of training can be measured if the knowledge and skills of the potential employees is harness and developed. Harnessing, transferring and equipping information and knowledge to the potential employees within an organization in order to interpret that information and knowledge into practice with a vision to improve the organizational effectiveness and productivity and the management of the people in referred as training in general terms. Training programmes and development of new employees after recruitment and selection process is an ongoing and many folded set of activities. Training and development is carried on in order to convey knowledge and skills to a big shot, over and over again to perform a job or a new role in the future. In Aviva Life Insurance Company Private Limited, training is considered as an effective tool to keep hold of and motivate their people and to be acquainted with technical change and customer services. Training and development programme must be strategically arranged in a line with the mission and goals of an organization. It needs to be aligned and designed with the aim of training and equipping employees to achieve the organizational goals, departmental as well as personal goals. Training and development function is progressively more than a programme. Increasingly, it is a tool for breaking the new grounds and conveying continuous learning process and bringing about the change through training and development activities. Improved productivity has turn out to be universally recognized by the organization and it is dependant on efficient and effective training of the employees. Now a day, Aviva Life Insurance Company is investing on training and development of its workforce to stay a head and to gain competitive advantage. In order to stay competitive and to guarantee brilliant and skilled staff, Aviva needs to make sure the training and development of all the employees. Staff training and development is the bottom line of organization success. Planned training and development programme is a systematic development of knowledge and skills, attitude required to perform a job by the employees. Fresh candidate into Aviva carry certain skills and capabilities which are not pertinent to its goals and objects and or needs most of the time. It is the planned training and development program which are entailed for the new and existing employees to facilitate them to work in the direction of achieving expected destination of the organization. Mental, physical, social and intellectual trainings all are very essential for the development of personal and as well as for organizational success. Human Resources Management and Training Human Resources Management focuses on people recruitment and selection, training and development, performance management, employee motivation and benefits. Human Resources Management is mess functioning part of Aviva Life Insurance Company which deals with human capital management and its administration. Human Resources Management includes number of functions and its Human Resources Functioning keeps change with the passage of time and according to the needs of an organization. When we look at the association between human resources management and training and development within an Aviva it is also keep varying. The activities related to training are as important as other human resources functions are equally important. There was a time when training was considered to be the waste of time, money and resources, and considered to be fruitless. But in this present age of advanced technology and competitiveness, training is considered to be an investment of time and money in human capital. Now a day, training is considered to be an essential instrument of human resources management in order to organize, control and develop the human capital to reduce the attrition rate this helps in keep motivating the entire workforce within an organization. It increases the satisfaction level of employ ees, helps professional achieving personal and organizational goals. Training is considered to be the backbone of employees, organizational success and as well as departmental success. Survival without training has become difficult for the departments within an organization such as sales and marketing, production and finance department. Human Resources Department is taking training as a priority and human resources management is carrying it out effectively. Training and development programmes in Aviva enhance the profile development in the organization. Human resources management and professionals play a vital role in this scenario. The role of human resources management and professionals can be seen as a dynamic participation in employee education and improved performance means more rewards and productivity (Gary Dessler, 2000). Training as a Strategic Function of Human Resources Management Aviva is investing money resources in training considering it as a payback asset. They believe that investment in human capital will provide it competitive edge worldwide and it will enhance the profile development in the organization. Training is considered to be an ongoing process. It is a never ending learning process. It is functional at all levels, lower, middle as well as managerial level. Training programme is a set of well planned activities. These activities related to training facilitate employees learning of knowledge, skills attitude to perk up the productivity to do their current job and enhance the performance to achieve organizational goals. Looking at the long term incentive of training, training and development of employees pertain to continuing efforts to improve working of entire human capital within an organization which will lead towards the achievement of personal and organizational goals. Training is essential for an employer of an organization for many reasons it facilitate the organization towards the development of human capital of a country. This gives an edge to the organization and changes its overall representation in the market and this can increase the relationship and influence. This necessitates a high level of collaboration between the employees and training and development team (Divina M. Edralin, 2004). Aims and Objectives of Study The research focuses on the evaluation of effectiveness of training carried on by Aviva. After the recruitment and selection of the employees it is important for Aviva to best train the new entrants so that they could perform better on job. Training of employees aims at taking best out of them. Training enhances the efficiency of the employees and it keeps them motivated. This study on evaluation of the effectiveness of training for employees in Aviva life insurance Company gives us an insight into the following objectives; The Objectives are: In order to get to know the value of training of human resources in any organisation. To know the various methods, strategies, programmes and techniques used by the organisations for training its employees. To check the value of the training programs that is conducted in the organization for their employees by analyzing the training programs. To be familiar with the changes that an organisation can need to enhance its training programs to create them more valuable for the employees. Identifying drawbacks of existing training process in practice in the organization. Providing recommendations in order to reduce deficiencies from the existing training process in Aviva. Purpose of the Study This research is taken to check that whether these training programs are in use in the organization and to check the authenticity of these programs for the employees. Its also check and evaluated that both these programs help the employees in Aviva to perform their tasks properly or not and also give organization a direction and way to improve and enhance their training program for better performance. Scope of the Study The scope of the study indents to provide an overview the typical methods used to evaluate the training effectiveness provided to the employees. The evaluation of effective training provided to the existing and new entrants ensure that the training was well structured and planned. A number of methods are used to measure the effectiveness of training. These techniques used in the Aviva to assess the effectiveness of training are organized and efficient and co-related to the training programmes. The tools and techniques used to weigh up the training effectiveness are considered to be the evaluation indicators. These indicators assist in establishing and maintaining effectiveness of the training provided to the employees. The main objective of using there indicators is to measure that to what extend the training objectives have been achieved and par the organizational needs. Limitations of the study Every study faces some limitation in carrying out its research. These limitations are unavoidable like always. This research expects to face the following limitations; The feedback or response of the respondents would be uncontrollable The study is confined to the training function only which is a strategic function of human resources management. Reaching out training programme policies would be difficult. The employees of the Aviva might not be willing to provide required information necessary to carry out the research. The data provided by the Aviva life Insurance Company, according to the sample set of employees might be biased Sample of chosen employees could be limited All the above mentioned limitations can be a stumbling block in the way of research findings, data collection and data analysis. Literature Review Following will the literature review relating to the research on evaluating the effectiveness of training for the employees. Training Conventional training necessitates covering up the important job-related skills and knowledge. On the whole, the most important and effective way to develop and train employees is based on effective training programme. Training is not only for the employees but also subjected to the top level management and the administration level. Employees should give training according to their job performance because every employee has different function to perform in organization. Function of Training The function of Training is: To provide employees with the skills and knowledge require ensuring optimum performance results, develop a cache of employees qualified to meet the organizations operational needs, and contribute to positive morale, employee satisfaction, and development. Importance of Training If the employees are giving proper training, it will benefit the organization in so many ways. By providing proper training Aviva can learn that how it will carry on in todays rivalry world and speedily varying atmosphere. Training helps in adding up worth to the reimbursement of the organization. If there is proper support from management and workers, Training will be more valuable. The value of training is as follows  [1]  : Productivity can be increased in an Aviva with proper training. Employees skill knowledge can be enhanced through training and it also helps a lot in improving whole character of the employee. Quality of work performed by the employees can be enhanced by providing proper training. Training helps in the improvement of the human resources in the organization by giving them skill base knowledge and through it employees can also improve their personality. Maintenance of employees within the organization is done by Training and reduces labors return. Employees get motivated for their work through training. Moreover, motivation helps the employees in performing organizational goals and objectives. To build a peaceful work place in Aviva training is considered an important tool. It will also help in establishing the employee relationships and enhance the organizational traditions. Aviva Life Insurance Company can get more profit through proper training. If the employees will get proper training then they will perform their work more efficiently which at the same time minimize the wear and tear. Goals and objectives in Aviva can only be achieved with proper training and it also helps the employees to perform their goals. Training Need Analysis Training is a part of Human Resource Development. Training is very important for the development of employees along with the organizational development. Human Resource is the only resource which can drive business for competitiveness. Training is needed at all levels in Aviva. Training is effective only when it is given to the right kind of person at the right time for the right objective and involves the right cost. So only that kind of training should be given to employees which is effective for both the organization as well as for employees. Training Need Analysis involve the collection of data related to the need for providing training to the employees. Methods of Training There are several methods used for training such as; On Job Training (OJ) Off Job Training (Seminars, Lectures etc) Cognitive Training (Discussions, Demonstrations etc) Behavioural Training (Role Playing, Business Games etc) Classroom Lectures Coaching Role Playing Mentoring (Divina M. Edralin. (2004). Research Questions The research questions are: What training programs are used by Aviva? What are the actions for all the training programs which are done by Aviva? How efficient and effective the training programs are done for the employees by Aviva? What suggestions and recommendations can be purposed to Aviva for the enhancement in their training programs? Problem Statement Organizations using training programmes are much effective and are meeting organizational needs or failing in todays changing world. Hypothesis Every research has two variables. The independent variable does affect the dependent variable in every research. AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TRAINING FOR EMPLOYEES Dependent Variable: Employees of an organization Independent Variable: Training Programmes Research Method and Data Collection Research Design It is essential to pursue a correct research method in order to feasible research. A research plan states basically the abstract arrangement within which the research can be obtained. The main purpose of a research design is to give for the gathering of related proof with accessible costs of effort, time and money. The research method should be able to elucidate the techniques suitable for obtaining the projected study. In order to estimate the efficiency of the training for the workers in Aviva Life Insurance Co. Pvt. Ltd, a relative research design has been selected. The research methods are helpful in describing the different training programs made by Aviva and the estimation of the usefulness of those training programs, in order to obtain the goals of the research. Data Collection for the research Primary Data Collection In this research, different methods have been used for collecting the data to quantify the results of this research. Both the primary and secondary data will be used for the research. The primary data will be collected by providing questionnaire to the employees in Aviva and by taking in-depth interviews. Secondary Data Collection The means of collecting the secondary data are magazines, books, journals, newspapers, internet, publications etc. The secondary data about the Aviva is collected by going through various journals, magazines, published statistics and websites of the organisation. Aviva has also provided data regarding their training programmes and their evaluation. For making the questionnaire and for deciding the questions to be asked in the interview, the data is collected about the topic of the research and about the organization through journals, websites, magazines etc. Sample Procedure The sampling procedure used in the research will be random sampling with each and every element in the population having equal chance of being selected. Keeping in mind the time and resource constraints, a sample of 40 employees were chosen. Conclusion The most important function of human resources management in Aviva is the training of employees. The transformation of skills and knowledge required to enhance the performance and increase the productivity can be achieved through effective training programme. Along with effective training, effective evaluation of training is necessary. The training programme should be according to the requirements and needs of the job. Before setting up any training programme, job specifications should be taken into account. The employees should also be fully motivated regarding the training programmes. For measuring whether the training objectives are achieved or not, evaluation should be done periodically. Evaluation helps the Aviva in measuring the effectiveness of the training programmes. There are proper methods for evaluating each and every type of training programme. The result of evaluation depends on the data collected by the organization for doing evaluation.

Three Little Pigs :: essays research papers

The Three Little Pigs   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once upon a time, there were three little pigs that were kicked out of their birth home by their parents and told to live life on there own. These three little pigs were ready to build their own homes and get secure jobs. The first little pig was lazy, overweight and did not like to work at all. He wanted to take the easy path, and built a house out of straw which could barely support it’s own weight. After he was finished building his insecure house of straw, he decided to visit his brothers. He danced down the dirt path, to see how they were progressing with their homes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second little pig was building himself a house also, but he too, like his brother, was a lazy little pig that did not like to work much. He also decided to take the easy path of life, and make his home simply out of sticks. In no time at all, he finished building the cheap house. However, it too was insecure. After the work was completed, the second little pig was free to do what he liked to best. He decided to dance and play his fiddle. As he played his fiddle, his brother, the first little pig arrived tooting on his stainless steel flute. They both danced while the second little pig sang: â€Å"I built my house out of sticks,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I built my house out of twigs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With a hey diddle-diddle   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I play on my fiddle,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And dance all kinds of jigs.† Then, the two brothers made their way down the treacherous till they came upon the third brother.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The third brother, the hard working egotistical type, chose to build his house out of Acme brick. He knew the big bad wolf was waiting until they got out on their own, before he tried one of his indecorous attempts at catching a feast. Rapidly he worked, slap, slosh, slap, laying red bricks, and smoothing fresh made mortar in between each layer of bricks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ha ha ha!† laughed his two brothers as he steadily worked.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Come down and play with us!† the two little pigs yelled, but the busy little pig kept on working even harder than he was before they came. Then he yelled down to them: â€Å"I built my house of stones.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I built my house of bricks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I have no chance To sing and dance,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For work and play don’t mix.