The Armadillo :: essays research papers fc

The Armadillo is a very different creature. It has tremendous claws, but no fighting instinct. They deport teeth, but not in front, except for the milk teeth some pick up during infancy. They have long tongues because they catch insects. A strange thing which these animals have is a coat armor, unique among other animals. They have bony plate armor on the outside of their bodies. Each species has a different pattern for each little plate they carry. They all are great burrowers. They sink a hole with them in it as one approaches. It takes a near(a) man to drag on even a little one back if it is halfway down its retreat under the ground.They are active, running with a tiptoe trot. Their trot is as an aged pony that is tired. They have a varied diet. They hunt by night.Todays Armadillos are not the biggest armadillos that have ever existed. The soil of South America is ripe of larger Armadillo bones from the past. Some of the past bones were as much as sixteen feet long includin g the tail. Some even migrated to Texas.There are several species of these animals. The Six-banded Armadillos were good burrowers and massive devourers of insects. They also ate vegetable matter and were useful for devouring carrion. One specie called the Peludo was clumsy bet was effective in acquiring a snake to its armored hide and grinding the life out of it. It then eats the snake not effected by the poison. The king of the commonwealth is the Great Armadillo. It is a big creature in appearance, a yard in length from nose to tail covered with the armor. It even has armor on its legs. Its claws are very long and awfully strong. The Three- banded Armadillos had a further protection. They are able to curl up like a hedgehog and hold an impenetrable ball to an enemy. It is similar than that of a hedgehog or the porcupine, but it is more interesting because of the way they fit themselves into their armor. Their head and tail pass perfectly through openings in the upper surface of the armor.

George Orwell and Animal Farm and 1984 Essay -- comparison compare con

George Orwell and Animal Farm and 1984   George Orwell is only a pen name. The man behind the classics Animal Farm and 1984 was named Eric Arthur Blair and was born to a middle class family liveness in Bengal in 1903. Eric Blair got his first taste of class prejudice at a young age when his mother forced him to abandon his playmates, which were plumbers children (Crick 9). He could accordingly play only with the other children in the family, all of whom were at least five years older or younger than Eric (Crick 12). This created in him a smack of alienation that plagued him all his life and seems to be reflected in the bitter decay and loneliness he later expressed in his novel 1984. As he moved around unsuccessfully from job to job, he never really developed a sense of self-worth. His childhood self-esteem had already been scarred by his bed wetting habit, of which Orwell Biographer Jeffrey Meyers writes that it was only the first of endless episodes that made Orwell feel gu ilty he was poor, he was lazy and a failure, ungrateful and unhealthy, disgusting and squalid minded, weak, ugly, cowardly (23).    His writings, under the name of George Orwell, and particularizedally his two major novels, mentioned above, contain themes warning readers of the dangers present in modern society, a world he maxim as bleak and repressive through the filter of his unhappy childhood and two world wars. Despite their sometimes Stygian settings, his works are truly accessible, which has made him popular among those not usually comfortable with more intellectual fiction. But his works do discuss serious themes and contain a specific focus, making them valid pieces of literature and not just popular fiction.   Animal Farm is Orwells... ...is rule. 1984 shows the tendency of the dictator to want to control every aspect of a peoples actions, feelings, and thoughts. A single man, with absolute power over a countrys military, government, and minds, inevitabl y produces a lower standard of living, a constant fear of being arrested, and a trend of state sanctioned murders in order to establish and uphold the regime. This modern danger, along with Orwells expression of his own personal alienation, is what is depicted through the dark humor of Animal Farm and the poverty and paranoia of 1984.   Works Cited Crick, Bernard. George Orwell A Life. Boston Little, Brown, 1980. Meyers, Jeffrey. A Readers Guide to George Orwell.  Ottowa Rowman and Allanheld, 1975. Orwell, George. 1984. New York The New American Library, 1961. Orwell, George. Animal Farm. New York Penguin Books, 1946.

Pojmans View on Merit Essay -- Philosophy, ethics

In this paper, I will attempt to elaborate on situations where actions have a fitting response to whole caboodle performed. It is my understanding of Pojmans view of which I agree, that Every action in the universe has a fitting response (Pojman, 1999, p. 96). I also agree that Evil whole caboodle must be followed by evil outcomes and good deeds by good outcomes (Pojman, 1999, p. 96).Take for instance if you commit murder, I feel that you should be roll to death.Yes, I know some people may argue this fact but just hold about the grieving family of the person who is no longstanding alive, they ar in pain and they suffer while the person who committed murder is still alive. This is why I feel the one who committed the curse should be harshly punished, That person did not think of the hurt that it would cause there family or loved ones so in turn the one who did the crime should be put to death as well. Now I know this will now make two grieving families but again think of the m ain family at hand. I feel just putting the person in jail is not good enough because they are still living, blind drunk while the other person did not have a chance and is now dead. I also feel why should we as citizens pay for a murderer to be alive in jail and able to stay alive watching TV when the other person is not able to do anything. Yes this is cruel punishment but again it is also just as cruel to commit murder with out legal and just cause.Here are a few more examples of Evil and PunishmentRapeIf a person rapes another person, opine it is a male doing the act then I feel it should be a severe punishment. The punishment should be castration of the penis. This form of punishment would prevent the person from doing such act again and not allow then to have... ...hey did serve for us and our/their country and they did their best. It should not matter if they were hurt or not and it should not matter if they only served 4 years or less, No matter what they should receive benefits. I feel a good way of showing our men and woman tasting is to help them say a marriage happens I feel the military should help out with at least half, and if the person dies they should pay for the entire funeral. To me that really would show appreciation to them for what hey did. Any person who serves should be recognized and rewarded as for what they did they did for us and their country and they did not have to do it at all.So in conclusion yes, I would agree with Pojman we do deserve what get rather it be good or evil/bad.Works CitedPojman, Louis P. Ethics Discovering Right and Wrong. 5th edition. Thomson Nelson. Toronto 2005.

Piaget Essay -- essays research papers fc

Pi get alongts Theory of Cognitive Development blue jean Pi maturet was born on August9, 1896, in the French speaking part of Switzerland. Atan early age he essential an interest in biology, and by the m he had gradational from highschool he had already published a number of papers. After marrying in 1923, he had threechildren, whom he analyse from infancy. Piaget is best cognise for organizing cognitivedevelopment into a series of stages- the levels of development corresponding too infancy,childhood, and adolescence. These four stages are labeled the Sensorimotor stage, which occursfrom birth to age two, (children experience through and through their senses), the Preoporational stage, whichoccurs from ages two to six, (motor skills are acquired), the Concrete Operational stage, whichoccurs from ages six to eleven, (children think logically about concrete events), and the FormalOperational stage, which occurs after age eleven, (abstract reasoning is developed here). (www.psychce ntral.com). (Bee and Boyd 149). The focus of this paper will be on thePreoporational stage and how the childs cognitive abilities develop according to Piaget.The Preoperational stage is Piagets term for the sefannyt major stage of cognitivedevelopment. It is in this stage that Piaget states that children acuire symbolisationic schemes, such aslanguage and fantasy, that they use in thinking and communicating. Piaget truism evidence ofsymbol use in many aspects of children aged two to six. As a Pre-School teacher myself, I havewitnessed many of the same behaviors that Piaget himself observe while growing his theoryof cognitive development. Children this age begin to pretend in their play. The dramatic playarea in my classroom is always unrivalled of the most ill-tempered areas of the room. The children love torole-play and create imaginary games. According to Piaget, such symbol use is also evident inthe emergence of language and in the preschoolers primitive might to understa nd scale modelsor simple maps. Dramatic play gives the children the chance to role-play. If they work throughsituations in their classroom, theyll be better fain for real-life scenarios. Throughrole-playing, children non only express emotions, but also exercise creativity and develop skillslike cooperation and problem solving. During the Pre... ...get viewed children as little philosophers and scientists building their companionship individualtheories of knowledge. By focusing on what children con do as well as what they cannot do, hewas able to understand and explain their cognitive step-up and development. His theory is avaluable road map for understanding how children think. However, many psychologists areconvinced that Piaget gave too little credit to the effects of learning. For example Children ofpottery-making parents can correctly serve up questions about the conservation of clay at anearlier age than Piaget would have predicted. According to learning theorists, child rencontinuously gain specific knowledge they do not undergo stage-like leaps in general mentalability. (Coon 109). Thus, the truth may lie somewhere between Piagets stage theory and youthful learning theory. working Cited1. Coon, Dennis. Essentials of Psychology. 9th Edition. Belmont, CA Wadsworth/ThomsonLearning, 20032. Bee, Helen and Boyd, Dennis. The Developing Child. 10th Edition. Boston, MA PearsonEducation, Inc., 20043. http//www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.cfm?term=Egocentrism4. http//psychcentral.com/psypsych/Jean_Piaget Piaget Essay -- essays research papers fc Piagets Theory of Cognitive DevelopmentJean Piaget was born on August9, 1896, in the French speaking part of Switzerland. Atan early age he developed an interest in biology, and by the time he had graduated from highschool he had already published a number of papers. After marrying in 1923, he had threechildren, whom he studied from infancy. Piaget is best known for organizing cognitivedevelopme nt into a series of stages- the levels of development corresponding too infancy,childhood, and adolescence. These four stages are labeled the Sensorimotor stage, which occursfrom birth to age two, (children experience through their senses), the Preoporational stage, whichoccurs from ages two to six, (motor skills are acquired), the Concrete Operational stage, whichoccurs from ages six to eleven, (children think logically about concrete events), and the FormalOperational stage, which occurs after age eleven, (abstract reasoning is developed here). (www.psychcentral.com). (Bee and Boyd 149). The focus of this paper will be on thePreoporational stage and how the childs cognitive abilities develop according to Piaget.The Preoperational stage is Piagets term for the second major stage of cognitivedevelopment. It is in this stage that Piaget states that children acuire symbolic schemes, such aslanguage and fantasy, that they use in thinking and communicating. Piaget saw evidence ofsymbol use in many aspects of children aged two to six. As a Pre-School teacher myself, I havewitnessed many of the same behaviors that Piaget himself observed while developing his theoryof cognitive development. Children this age begin to pretend in their play. The dramatic playarea in my classroom is always one of the most busy areas of the room. The children love torole-play and create imaginary games. According to Piaget, such symbol use is also evident inthe emergence of language and in the preschoolers primitive ability to understand scale modelsor simple maps. Dramatic play gives the children the chance to role-play. If they work throughsituations in their classroom, theyll be better prepared for real-life scenarios. Throughrole-playing, children not only express emotions, but also exercise creativity and develop skillslike cooperation and problem solving. During the Pre... ...get viewed children as little philosophers and scientists building their own individualtheories of knowled ge. By focusing on what children con do as well as what they cannot do, hewas able to understand and explain their cognitive growth and development. His theory is avaluable road map for understanding how children think. However, many psychologists areconvinced that Piaget gave too little credit to the effects of learning. For example Children ofpottery-making parents can correctly answer questions about the conservation of clay at anearlier age than Piaget would have predicted. According to learning theorists, childrencontinuously gain specific knowledge they do not undergo stage-like leaps in general mentalability. (Coon 109). Thus, the truth may lie somewhere between Piagets stage theory andmodern learning theory.Works Cited1. Coon, Dennis. Essentials of Psychology. 9th Edition. Belmont, CA Wadsworth/ThomsonLearning, 20032. Bee, Helen and Boyd, Dennis. The Developing Child. 10th Edition. Boston, MA PearsonEducation, Inc., 20043. http//www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.cfm?term= Egocentrism4. http//psychcentral.com/psypsych/Jean_Piaget

Morals and Marital Infidelity Essay -- Ethics

Writers have different motivations on why they decide on what they write about. It must be something that will grab the readers attention and make them want to read their works. Often writers include situations that are not considered appropriate for the era when the get together was written. Some field of forces are too sexually explicit. In two such short stories, Kate Chopins The fall upon and Anton Chekhovs The Lady with the Little Dog, both writers chose to enquire adultery in their stories. Whatever motivation there is to cheat on a spouse, there is not an acceptable reason to do it. This controversial subject was not common and both authors chose to break the rules. Although equally successful in their writings, Chopins The Storm, was not published until many years after her death. The Storm is about two people, Calixta and Alcee, who had been in a previous relationship. Although both have moved on by getting married and starting a family, a chance encounter lead them to a lustrous affair. Calixta and Alcee share a past romantic infatuation that is not consummated until the afternoon of the storm (Milne 291). Chopin wrote this composition in 1898, but it was not published at that time. Chopin did not try to send The Storm out to editors...It was first published in The Complete deeds of Kate Chopin in 1969 (Kate), which was sixty-five years after her death. This controversial subject was not the norm in the 1890s. Female writers in 1898 did not write such expound accounts of a sexual encounter...In the ease with which she wrote about human sexuality Chopin was ahead of her time (qtd. in Milne 296).The chance encounter between Calixta and Alcee happened during a tremendous storm. Calixta was kinsperson alone and ... ...). Whatever motivation there is to cheat on a spouse, there is not an acceptable reason to do it.Works CitedAkers, Tim. The Lady with the kiss Dog. Short Stories for Students. Detroit Gale, 1997. 198-214. Print.Cathe rine, Dominic. Critical Essay on The Storm. Short Stories for Students. Detroit Gale/Cengage Learning, 2008. 297-299. Print.Davis, Diana. Review of Anton Chekhovs Short Story The Lady with the Dog. Yahoo Contributor Network. 24 Aug. 2009. Web. 05 Apr. 2012.Kate Chopin Her Novels and Stories. Kate Chopin The Awakening, The Storm, Stories, Biography. Ed. Bernard Koloski. n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2012.Milne, Ira Mark. The Storm. Short Stories for Students. Detroit Gale/Cengage Learning, 2008. 288-29Print.Mohr, Nicole. vexation in Kate Chopins The Storm. Yahoo Contributor Network. 5 May 2006. Web. 05 Apr. 2012.

Morals and Marital Infidelity Essay -- Ethics

Writers have different motivations on why they decide on what they write about. It must be something that will grab the readers attention and make them want to read their works. Often writers include situations that are not considered appropriate for the geological era when the piece was written. Some subjects are too sexually explicit. In two such short stories, Kate Chopins The Storm and Anton Chekhovs The wench with the Little Dog, twain writers chose to involve adultery in their stories. Whatever motivation there is to cheat on a spouse, there is not an acceptable reason to do it. This disputed subject was not common and both authors chose to break the rules. Although equally successful in their writings, Chopins The Storm, was not published until many years afterward her death. The Storm is about two people, Calixta and Alcee, who had been in a previous relationship. Although both have moved on by getting married and starting a family, a chance encounter lead the m to a lustrous affair. Calixta and Alcee share a past romantic infatuation that is not consummated until the afternoon of the force (Milne 291). Chopin wrote this story in 1898, but it was not published at that time. Chopin did not try to send The Storm out to editors...It was first published in The achieve Works of Kate Chopin in 1969 (Kate), which was sixty-five years after her death. This controversial subject was not the norm in the 1890s. Female writers in 1898 did not write such detailed accounts of a sexual encounter...In the ease with which she wrote about human sexuality Chopin was ahead of her time (qtd. in Milne 296).The chance encounter between Calixta and Alcee happened during a frightful storm. Calixta was home alone and ... ...). Whatever motivation there is to cheat on a spouse, there is not an acceptable reason to do it.Works CitedAkers, Tim. The Lady with the Pet Dog. trivial Stories for Students. Detroit Gale, 1997. 198-214. Print.Catherine, Dominic. Critical Essay on The Storm. Short Stories for Students. Detroit Gale/Cengage Learning, 2008. 297-299. Print.Davis, Diana. Review of Anton Chekhovs Short Story The Lady with the Dog. Yahoo Contributor Network. 24 Aug. 2009. Web. 05 Apr. 2012.Kate Chopin Her Novels and Stories. Kate Chopin The Awakening, The Storm, Stories, Biography. Ed. Bernard Koloski. n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2012.Milne, Ira Mark. The Storm. Short Stories for Students. Detroit Gale/Cengage Learning, 2008. 288-29Print.Mohr, Nicole. Passion in Kate Chopins The Storm. Yahoo Contributor Network. 5 May 2006. Web. 05 Apr. 2012.

Neuropathology and Etiology of Alzheimer’s disease

Scientists have not as yet fully come to full grips with the real causes of Alzheimers illness, however, wholeness clear aspect of the schooling of this disease arise from a very complex chain of activities taking place in the brain over a long period of lifetime. It has been argued that genetic, environmental and even lifestyle factors have contributed to major causes of this disease. Risk and protective factors may admit genetic, medical, biological, environmental, dietary, social and cultural aspects (Draper, 2004).In genetic aspect, APOE E2 is rare and creates protection against Alzheimers disease and in case it does occur in much later years than in people with APOE E3 and APOE E4. APOE E3 forms the or so common Allele and is assumed to perform a neutral role in Alzheimers disease. This means it neither stimulates nor increases reactions that would lead to the development of Alzheimers. The APOE E4 occurs in the most common and occurs in approximately 40% in those who suff er from late onset Alzheimers disease. It is therefore common that people with APOE E4 are more likely to suffer from Alzheimers disease (Kuhn & Verity, 2007).It is infact known as the risk factor gene in that it increases ones level of risk of developing Alzheimers disease. Early onset Alzheimers disease, affecting fewer people is as a result of chromosome different gene mutations on specific chromosomes (Martinison&Musaswes, 1993). These include chromosome 21, 14 and chromosome 1 and all these produces abnormal proteins. Permanent changes in chromosome 21 lead to the creation of APP (Abnormal Amyloid Precursor Protein) while the same process in chromosome 14 leads to the formation of abnormal presenilin and mutation in chromosome 1 lead to creation of abnormal presenilin.Inheritance of even one of these genes from both or one parent is most likely to develop first onset Alzheimers disease. This kind of inheritance pattern is referred to as abnormal dominant inheritance. Another possible risk towards the development of Alzheimers disease is SOR1 (Roudier et al, 1991). This gene is exclusively responsible for the transportation of APP (Abnormal Amyloid Precursor Protein) within the cells and was discovered to be connected to Alzheimers disease. While it is present in low levels, beta farinaceous levels increase and may have a negative effect on neurons (Ramanathan, 1997).The difference in genetic make up from one person to another(prenominal) either delays or completely prevents the onset of Alzheimers disease, also known as Familial Alzheimers disease. It is mainly inherited from parents and is caused by mutations in 3 genes. (APOE E2, APOE E3, APOE E4). There is a 50-50 chance of an offspring developing early onset Alzheimers diseases if one of the parents had it, averagely at the age of 30-60. As many as 5. 3 million Americans are living with Alzheimers disease.It is know to destroy brain cells and hence cause problems with behavior, thinking and memo ry severely enough to affect work, womb-to-tomb hobbies or social infract It has been graded the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States (Mace & Rabins, 2007). There is no known cure to Alzheimers disease yet but an attempt to control it is going on. Scientists and researchers have come up with brain implants aimed to controlling it. These implants contain proteins called Nerve Growth Factors (NGF) which directly delivered to brain mettle cells, which in turn stimulates their growth and thus quashs the chances of their degeneration.Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) is responsible for controlling cell regeneration in the entire body but it is denied opening into the brain, this makes brain cells lack ability to self-regenerate (Taylor, 2006). Alzheimers disease has no cure however and irreversible. It is as a result of progressive brain damage characterized by the building up of amyloid plagues and neurofibrillary tangles, lack of connection in the brain cells and the eventual death of these verve cells. Symptomatic treatment in combination with even out support and proper service can lessen the pain of living with this disease.Change in different forms of lifestyle choices can also reduce the prevalence of this disease. It is a complex disease to understand because it affects individuals differently in the order in which symptoms come to surface, their order of appearance, the duration it lasts before end point and variation in the duration of stage. Increased vigor worldwide to find a lasting break through in proper treatment of this disease is underway (Coste, 2004). These include efforts to delay its onset, reduce late of its development and eliminate it from the body.Research also suggests that different forms of lifestyle such as nutrition, social activities mentally involving activities are factors likely to reduce Alzheimers disease. Progression of series of Alzheimers disease consists of five stages expanded to seven stages by the use of a Modif ied Global Deterioration shell (GDS). This scale assists doctors to measure the exact level of progression of the disease in a patient and administer right medication. Stages of Alzheimers disease include the early stage where the individual has mild impairenent arising from this disease (Pearce, 2007).Symptoms in this stage include rapid changes in mood and behavior, forgetfulness, and lack of proper communication. This group still contains most of their capabilities and thus needs very minimal life support. Further handicap in this stage one leads to the middle stage. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition in which a person has memory problems greater than those expected for his or her age. However, people with MCI do not have the personality changes or cognitive problems that characterize (Callone, 2007).Memory loss, difficulty in identifying people and objects are symptoms of middle stage although there may be little awareness. The late stage eventually does not allow verbal communication or one to take care of himself. This level require external support although their lives. The fourth stage, at end of life, is when one comes close to death and comfort is the main focus.Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) or Reisberg scale provides care givers with a better accurate measure of the level of deterioration stage. References Draper B., (2004) Dealing with Dementia A Guide to Alzheimers Disease and separate Dementias. ISBN-10 1865088536, ISBN-13 978-1865088532, Allen & Unwin. Roudier, M. , Marcie, P. , Podrabinek, N., Lamour, Y. , Payan, C. , Fermanian, J. and Boller, F. , (1991) Cognitive Functions in Alzheimers Disease Interaction of Cognitive Domains. Developmental Neuropsychology. Volume 7. Issue 2. Kuhn, D. & Verity, J., (2007) The dodge of Dementia Care. ISBN-10 140189951X, ISBN-13 978-1401899516, Delmar Cengage Learning. Martinson, I. M. and Muwaswes, M. , (1993) Care giving Demands of Patients with Alzheimers Disease.Journal Title Journal of Community Health Nursing. Volume 10. Issue 4. 1993. Page Number 225. Ramanathan, V. , (1997)Alzheimer Discourse Some Sociolinguistic Dimensions. ISBN 9780805823554, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Mahwah, NJ. Taylor, R.. , (2006) Alzheimers from the inside out. ISBN-10 1932529233, ISBN-13 978-1932529234, Health Professions undertake. Coste, K. J. , (2004) Learning to Speak Alzheimers A Groundbreaking Approach for Everyone Dealing with the Disease. ISBN-10 1864710632, ISBN-13 978-0618485178, Mariner Books. Pearce, N., (2007) Inside Alzheimers How to Hear and Honor Connections with a Person who has Dementia.ISBN-10 0978829905, ISBN-13 978-0978829902, Forrason Press Callone, P. , (2007) A Caregivers Guide to Alzheimers Disease 300 Tips for Making Life Easier. ISBN-10 1932603166, ISBN-13 978-1932603163, Demos Medical Publishing. Mace, L. N. & Rabins, V. P. , (2007)The 36-Hour Day A Family Guide to Caring for People with Alzheimer Disease, Other Dementias, and Memory Loss in Later Life, 4 th Edition, ISBN-10 0801885094,ISBN-13 978-0801885099, Johns Hopkins University Press

Public transportation Essay

This essay will focus on some of advantages and disadvantages of public transportation.First of all, Id like to talk about advantages of public transportation. Using public transportation tramp reduce the number of people who drive their own car. It can hush traffic jam and improve road condition.We can also reduce air pollution by using public transportation. Public transportation can accommodate a lot of people and send them various destinations. It leads to the reduction of harmful emission gasses such as carbon dioxide.On the other hand, we prevail some disadvantages associated with public transportation. Using an automobile is more accessible than public transportation when we live in countryside. In most cases, there are fewer busses, trains and taxes in there. Its very inconvenient for local people.If they concord their own cars, they can drive anytime and anywhere.Whats more, its tough for elderly people to drug abuse public transportation. They have to go up and down t he stairs when they use public transportation. There are many stations which dont have elevators or escalators in Japan.In my opinion, I cant live without public train because I can get to the office in time. At any rate, public transportation is essential for our daily life.

Effects Packaging Materials on Shelf Life

EXPERIMENT 1 THE EFFECTS OF PACKAGING MATEIAL ON SHELF LIFE OF CRACKERS Introduction The type of aliment, chemical composition, size, storage see to its, expected shelf life, moisture content, aroma and appearance atomic number 18 just a few of the characteristics that must be taken into consideration when selecting the right material for a feed production. A continuing trend in food package is the design of packages to extend the shelf life of foods while maintaining fresh-like quality.This places a high demand on selecting materials that not only provide the needed properties to maintain the quality of the food but it must be done at a cost telling price. The permeability of the box material is one of the most critical features of the package for affecting the quality of the food product. Objectives I) To calculate the moisture uptake of distinguishable promotional material materials II) To assess the texture hardness of the products by sensory analysis and texture analy zer III) To determine the estimated shelf-life of the products MaterialsCrackers, promotional material materials- HDPE, PP, Paper bag, aluminium foil, etc plastic sealer s pocket-sizeness balance, texture analyzer . Procedure Two bags (duplicate) of loopy for each advancement materials was provided. The bags were filled with haywire, and then was weighed and stored at 25? C for 2 weeks. Two packets of loony from the commercial message case materials was weighed and stored at 25? C for 2 weeks as control. Each of the packets was reweighed after a week and the mean moisture uptake was intractable after a week.After 1 week, for the commercial products, the packet was kept empty by removing all traces of the limit and the weight of the empty packages was weighed. The original mass of the contents was calculated according to the calculation given. From the results, the time (in weeks) before packages allow to uptake of 1% moisture (based on the mass of the content) was calculat ed. At this call for (1% moisture uptake) was assumed, the product had reached the end of its shelf life, and the result of the estimated shelf life was reported. Assessment of Crispiness A) The means of crispiness was decided in group. Sensory AnalysisThe commercial chapped as standard was taken and each one of the barmy was bite down by using the incisor teeth only. The degree of crispiness was noted and this crispiness of the paygrade was given of 100. The crispiness of nutty was rated from different types of packet in the same manner by comparing each to the standard. As example, if you feel a biscuit is half as crispy as the standard, give it a rating of 50 if it twice as crispy gives it a rating of 200. A mean rating and SD of crackers of each type of forwarding was calculated. B) Texture Analysis This method is using texture analyser TA-XT2 with the 3 point bending rigThe operating debates of the analyzer was set and followed as below TA setting Force in compression Return to start Approach speed 1. 0 mm/s Test speed 0. 1 mm/s Post test speed 2mm / s Distance 10 mm (this may be made smaller if the crackers easily break Units Newtons and millimeters Rig distance 40. 0 mm apart At least two crackers were prepared. the width and thickness of the crackers was measured, in the plane of the probe by vernier caliper. The crackers were placed on the right side up on the rig supports. The test was run.The Youngs Modulus was calculated from point 1. The breaking force from point 2 was recorded. With the cursor, from the graph that had been illustrated after the test run, the point 1 at d = 0. 1 mm was identified. The force and distance was recorded (chown on top left of screen). The force was converted from grams to Newtons and distances to metres. With the cursor, the point 2, the breaking point was identified. The force and distance was recorded. The force was converted from grams to Newtons and distance to metres. Identified whether Youngs modul us or breaking force are more reproducible parameter on the biscuits.Discussion Moisture sensitive foods are susceptible to change in their environment and if it left opened will first become stale. Water migration and diffusion is considered to be one of the most important factors for the moisture sensitive foods. Moisture content analysis allows for a quantitative measure of the total amount of peeing posit in a food item which can influence the texture, taste, and appearance of food products. According to military specification PCR-C-037, Crackers, Fortified, Packaged in a Flexible Pouch, ledge Stable, moisture content shall be not less than 1. 5 percent and not greater than 4. percent. From the result obtained in this experiment, we ascertained that the percentage of moisture content after 1 week for crackers in commercial packaging for mean for both adjudicate was 0. 48% and 0. 48% after 2 week. Next for the HDPE packaging the moisture content for week 1 for sample 1 and 2 was 0. 95% and increased to 2. 14 % at week 2. The same situation happened for the PP packaging, the mean moisture content of crackers for week 1 for sample 1 and 2 1. 19 % then fall to 0. 95 % at week 2. For the wallpaper bag, the mean moisture content of the crackers for sample 1 and 2 at week 1 was 3. 2 % but increased to 4. 54% after 2 week. From the result, we observed that the commercial packaging material had lowest moisture loss followed with PP, HDPE and paper bag had the highest bewildered of moisture content of the crackers. It is because the paper bag had a high porosity to allow the moisture absorb on the paper. Sensory analysis allows for evaluation of food items with respect to appearance and palatability. Acceptability of the crackers was determined by a trained sensory evaluation panel, which assessed and rated the cracker for flavor, taste, odor, and texture.Ratings were based on a 9-point soft scale for each cracker attribute, along with an overall quality sc ore for the cracker. According to military specification PCR-C-0372, Crackers, Fortified, Packaged in a Flexible Pouch, Shelf Stable, the cracker must receive an overall score of 5. 0 or higher based on the 9-point scale to be considered acceptable. From the evaluation of the crackers in different types of packaging materials, we observed the texture for both sample was graded as 8 means it have a very legal texture and do not stale, the color of the commercial packaging was very bright gold and ranked as 8.For the odor and taste, the commercial packaging was ranked as 7 which mean the aroma of the crackers was retained and retain the gleam of the taste of the crackers. The appearance of the crackers was ranked as 8 because the condition and shape of the crackers was still retained in original shape. The overall acceptability of the commercial packaging crackers was ranked as 7 and the crackers with commercial packaging have the highest ranked among the other packaging materials. In short, we can concluded from the sensory evaluation the texture of the crackers was well preserved by using commercial packaging followed by PP, HDPE and lastly paper bag. For the color of the crackers, the commercial packaging obtained the highest ranked followed by PP, HDPE and lastly paper bag. The color of the crackers in the paper bag packaging was very light yellow indicates the staling of the crackers. For the odor evaluation, as the same expected, the commercial packaging had the better odor, followed with HDPE, PP and lastly paper bag.Nest the evaluation of appearance, the commercial crackers packaging had better appearance followed with PP, HDPE and lastly crackers in paper bag packaging had ridiculous appearance because the crackers had not retain the original crackers shape. The taste of the crackers was difficult to evaluate but the crackers from commercial packaging had the better taste and the freshness of crackers was retained, while the crackers from HDPE and PP packaging had the same crackers taste but the crackers from paper bag packaging had a very poor taste, the taste of the crackers was lost because of the moisture uptake of the crackers.The overall acceptability of the crackers from commercial packaging was 7 which means acceptable followed by PP and HDPE packaging but the crackers from paper bag packaging was assumed had a very poor acceptability due to the moisture uptake. The texture analysis was conducted because the armorial bearing of moisture is known to affect the hardness of food items like the crackers, as they absorb moisture from the environment around them. The crispiness means the force at which is the significant break in curve (not always present) or force at which material fracture.From the texture analysis, the result had showed that the crispiness of the crackers from the commercial packaging for sample 1 was 923. 45 and 773. 2 for sample 2, with overall mean for these two samples was 848. 32. Nest for the HDPE p ackaging the crispiness of the texture were lowest compared to commercial packaging which result 632. 7 for sample 1 and 990. 2 for sample 2 with overall mean for two samples was 811. 45. The PP packaging showed for the sample the crispiness of the crackers was 858. 85 for sample 1 and 993. 45 for sample 2. Lastly for the paper bag packaging, the sample 1 had 1093. 25 and 793. forsample 2 and the mean for crispiness for both sample was 943. 53. For the determination of crispiness of the crackers in different type of packaging, we observed that crackers from commercial packaging had the highest crispiness rating which was 100 0 followed with PP packaging with reading obtained 75 0, HDPE 50 0 and lastly the crackers from the paper bag packaging with rating 25 0. Food packages made with plastic are permeable at different degrees to small molecules as example gases, water vapour, and organic vapour and to other low molecular weight compounds like aromas, flavour, and additives present i nto food.As a consequence of the barrier properties of the material, the transfer of this molecules ranges from high to low. The information of the solution/diffusion/permeation behaviors of these molecules through the polymer film has become important for polymers used in the food packaging. Many factors that can influence the polymer packages performance must be taken into consideration to design the correct package market solution.The use of different polymers in food packaging industry depends on the properties of the food product and also in manufacturing, handling, and packaging engineering procedures can influence the final properties of packaging material, especially in terms of barrier properties which are related to the intrinsic structure of the polymer such as degree of crystallinity, crystalline, nature of polymer, thermal and mechanical discourse before and after food contact, chemical groups present into the polymer, degree of cross-linking, and glass transition temp erature.High density polyethylene (HDPE) was first developed for packaging as a film before being introduced as a bottle for milk in 1964. Its use for packaging has increased because of its low cost, flexibility, durability, ability to withstand the sterilizing process, and apology to many chemicals. Polyethylene plastics have the generally advantageous properties of toughness, high tensile strength, and good barrier properties to moisture.A particularly important property of polyethylene plastics, which is due to their comparatively low melting point ranges, is the ease with which packaging can be heat-sealed. The barrier properties of polyethylene plastics to oxygen andorganic substances are only moderate. These characteristics, along with properties such as clarity and stiffness, vary with the basic polyethylene parameters of density/crystallinity, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution As food packaging, HDPE is most commonly associated with milk, oil, and juice bo ttles.Non-food packaging uses include supermarket bags, cleaning product containers, motor oil containers, agricultural films and chemical containers, paper bag liners, bags, crates, drums, and pails. Different grades of HDPE are used for different purposes. For example, there is a blow mould grade (used for milk bottles, and detergent bottles) and an injection grade material (ice cream containers). Disadvantages of HDPE as a packaging material include its low resistance to UV light and gas permeability.New technologies, such as barrier coatings and multi-layer materials, are being introduced to improve these characteristics. Conclusion From the result from moisture content, sensory evaluation and texture analysis we can conclude that the packaging that had the highest moisture uptake which was 3. 82% for week 1 and 4. 54% for week 2 while the lowest moisture uptake was crackers with commercial packaging which was 0. 48% for first and second week. This is also supported by the textu re analysis which obtained that crackers for commercial packaging had 0. 48 kg, for PP packaging was 0. 811 kg followed with 0. 926 for HDPE packaging and 0. 943 kg for paper bag. The crispiness ratings obtained described that crackers from commercial packaging had the highest crispiness rating which was 1000, PP 750, PP five hundred and paper bag was 250. From this evaluation, we conclude that the commercial packaging was the most preferable way in preserving the crackers quality, followed with HDPE packaging, PP packaging and the paper bag was the less preferred packaging for crackers due to highest moisture ptake. References Philip T. , (2003). Packaging Materials Polyethylene for Food, Packaging Applications, 1-68 Nagi. H. P. S. , Kaur. J. , Dar. B. N. and S. Sharma (2012). Effect of Storage Period and Packaging on the Shelf Life of texture Bran Incorporated Biscuits. American Journal of Food Technology, 7 301-310. Valentina. S. (2012). Food Packaging Permeability Behaviour A Report, International Journal of Polymer Science, Volume2012, 1- 11.

Haptic Technology

1. 1 What is *Haptics*? Haptics refers to sensing and manipulation through touch. The word comes from the Greek haptesthai, meaning to touch. The history of the haptic port dates moxie to the 1950s, when a master-slave system was proposed by Goertz (1952). Haptic interfaces were established out of the field of tele- operation, which was then employed in the remote manipulation of radioactive materials. The crowning(prenominal) goal of the tele-operation system was transp arncy.That is, an user interacting with the master twirl in a master-slave pair should not be able to distinguish between victimisation the master makeler and manipulating the actual tool itself. Early haptic interface systems were therefore developed purely for telerobotic applications. draw skeleton drawframe Fig. 2. 1Basic architecture for a virtual reality application incorporating visual, auditory, and haptic feedback. Simulation engine Visual, auditory, and haptic rendering algorithms Compute the virtua l environments graphic, sound, and force responses toward the user. Transducers transfer visual, sound, and force signals from the computer into a form the operator trick perceive. The human operator typically holds or wears the haptic interface device and perceives audiovisual feedback from audio (computer speakers, headphones, and so on) and visual displays (a computer screen or head-mounted display, for example). 2. 2 System architecture for *haptic* rendering drawrect drawrect drawrect drawframe drawframe Fig 2. 2Haptic rendering divided into main three blocks S- contacts* occurring between an avatar at position X and objects in the virtual environment. Fd- * takings* the ideal interaction force between avatar and virtual objects. Fr- Force to the user 1. Collision-detection algorithms detect collisions between objects and avatars in the virtual environment and yield training about where, when, and ideally to what extent collisions (penetrations, indentations, contact area, a nd so on) have occurred. 2. Force-response algorithms compute the interaction force between avatars and virtual objects when a collision is detected.This force approximates as closely as possible the contact forces that would prescriptly arise during contact between real objects. Hardware coiffeations nix haptic devices from applying the exact force computed by the force-response algorithms to the user. 3. Control algorithms command the haptic device in such a way that minimizes the error between ideal and applicable forces. The discrete-time nature of the haptic- rendering algorithms much makes this difficult.The force response algorithms return values are the actual force and torque vectors that will be commanded to the haptic device. Existing haptic rendering techniques are currently based upon two main principles depute-interaction or ray-based. In point interactions, a single point, usually the distal point of a probe, thimble or stylus employed for direct interaction with the user, is employed in the simulation of collisions. The point penetrates the virtual objects, and the depth of indentation is calculated between the current point and a point on the surface of the object.Forces are then generated according to physical models, such as spring stiffness or a spring-damper model. In ray-based rendering, the user interface mechanism, for example, a probe, is modeled in the virtual environment as a finite ray. Orientation is thus taken into account, and collisions are stubborn between the simulated probe and virtual objects. Collision detection algorithms return the intersection point between the ray and the surface of the simulated object. *2. 2. 1 deliberation contact-response forces*Humans perceive contact with real objects through sensors (mechanoreceptors) located in their skin, joints, tendons, and muscles. We make a simple distinction between the information these two typewrites of sensors can acquire. 1. Tactile information refers to the in formation acquired through sensors in the skin with particular reference to the spatial distribution of pressure, or more generally, tractions, across the contact area. To oversee flexible materials like fabric and paper, we sense the pressure variation across the fingertip.Tactile sensing is also the basis of complex perceptual tasks like medical checkup palpation, where physicians locate hidden anatomical structures and evaluate tissue properties using their hands. 2. Kinesthetic information refers to the information acquired through the sensors in the joints. Interaction forces are normally perceived through a combination of these two. To provide a haptic simulation experience, systems are designed to recreate the contact forces a user would perceive when sense of touch a real object. There are two types of forces . Forces due to object geometry. 2. Forces due to object surface properties, such as texture and friction. The first type of force-rendering algorithms aspires to re create the force interaction a user would feel when touching a frictionless and textureless object. Force-rendering algorithms are also grouped by the number of Degrees-of-freedom (DOF) requisite to describe the interaction force being rendered. 2. 2. 3 Surface property-dependent force-rendering algorithms All real surfaces contain tiny irregularities or indentations.Higher accuracy, however, sacrifices speed, a critical mover in real-time applications. Any choice of modeling technique must consider this tradeoff. Keeping this trade-off in mind, researchers have developed more high-fidelity haptic-rendering algorithms for friction. In computer graphics, texture mapping adds realism to computer-generated scenes by projecting a bitmap image onto surfaces being rendered. The same can be make haptically. 2. 3 Controlling forces delivered through *haptic* interfaces Once such forces have been computed, they must be applied to the user.Limitations of haptic device technology, however, have sometimes do applying the forces exact value as computed by force-rendering algorithms impossible. They are as follows Haptic interfaces can only exert forces with limited magnitude and not equally well in all directions Haptic devices arent ideal force transducers. An ideal haptic device would render zero impedance when simulating dejection in free space, and any finite impedance when simulating contact with an object featuring such impedance characteristics.The friction, inertia, and backlash present in most haptic devices prevent them from meeting this ideal. A third issue is that haptic-rendering algorithms operate in discrete time whereas users operate in continuous time. drawframe ?Finally, haptic device position sensors have finite resolution. Consequently, attempting to determine where and when contact occurs always results in a quantization error. It can create stability problems. All of these issues can limit a haptic applications realism. High servo rates (or l ow servo rate periods) are a key issue for invariable haptic interaction.There are two main types of haptic devices Devices that allow users to touch and manipulate 3-dimentional virtual objects. Devices that allow users to feel textures of 2-dementional objects. 3. 1 LOGITECH WINGMAN FORCE FEEDBACK purloin drawframe fig. 3. 1 logitech mouse Fig. 3. 1 shows a Logitech mouse which is attached to a base that replaces the mouse mat and contains the motors used to provide forces back to the user. drawframe Fig. 3. 2 Phantom Used in surgical simulations and remote operation of robotics in hazardous environments drawframeFig3. 3 Cyber mitt Cyber Glove can sense the position and movement of the fingers and wrist. drawg The basic Cyber Glove system includes one CyberGlove, its instrumentation unit, serial cable to interrelate to your host computer, and an executable version of VirtualHand graphic hand model display and calibration software. The firm introduced haptic technology for th e X-by-Wire system and was showcased at the Alps channelize 2005 in Tokyo. The system consisted of a cockpit with steering, a gearshift lever and pedals that embed haptic technology, and a remote-control car.Visitors could control a remote control car by operating the steering, gearshift lever and pedals in the cockpit seeing the screen in front of the cockpit, which is projected via a camera equipped on the remote control car. With many new haptic devices being sold to industrial companies, haptics will soon be a part of a persons normal computer interaction. REFERENCES http//www. sensable. com/products/datafiles/phantom_ghost/Salisbury_Haptics95. pdf http//www. wam. umd. edu/prmartin/3degrees/HAPTIC%20TECHNOLOGY1. doc http//www. sensable. com http//www. logitech. com http//www. technologyreview. com

Shouldice Hospital, Ltd. Case

Starting as a small infirmary, the Shouldice Hospital has had a rather long history since the end of the Second populace War. And At the time of his death in 1965, the founder Dr. Shouldices longtime associate, Dr. Nicholas Obney was named surgeon-in-chief and chairman of the board of Shouldice Hospital Limited and under his leadership, the volume of activity go on to sum up, r distributivelying a total of 6,850 operations in the 1982 calendar year. And primaries represented approximately 82% of all hernias operations performed at Shouldice in 1982.It has been very successful. And flat it tries to meet peoples needs and make this as effectual a place to work as possible. It has been a comfortable place for patients to stay. During their stay, patients were advance to take advantage of the opportunity to explore the premises and make new friends. Also, it has been a nice place for impacts who teach each other, encourage a separate effort, have regular working hours and own des irable salary. Further much, the adroitness and administration here is very humanized for both patients and staff.As a result, patients be attracted to the hospital by its levelheaded rates. Shouldice Hospital has specialized in hernia surgery (the Shouldice method) and is able to provide patients with low risk, low recurrence, and peace of mind. Shouldice achieves outstanding results as a low scathe and at high profit because everything do by the hospital is designed to maximize the deviation between perceived quality and the value of the service provided to the patients on one hand and the represent of providing the service on the other. They do this by carefully screening patients.Patients are active participants in the service delivery butt as presented with the utensils to prep themselves for surgery. The avoidance of general anesthetics allows a wide range of involvement of patients. The staff is freed from practically of the disagreeable workload due to part-time po sitions. The cost of housekeeping, laundry, and food is also minimized. The clinic structures hospital jobs that involve more counseling and positive interaction with the patients. Shouldice Hospital is different from other hospitals in that Patients do not tactual sensation that they are staying in a hospital.It is Shouldices intentions to make its patients feel as if they are taking a vacation. When patients arrive to the clinic, typically they join up with 30 to 34 other patients and their friends and families in the waiting room. Patients with similar jobs, backgrounds, or interests are assigned to the same room to help the patients establish relationships and become more comfortable. The facility is also designed so that patients have to interact and walk around. There are no televisions are telephones in the patients rooms.This gives the patients the opportunity to tour the facility, visit each others rooms, lounging in the Florida room, and making use of the light recreation al facilities. Shouldice Hospital uses a focus strategy. The Hospitals market focus is on a narrow segment of potential patients who have a hernia and the patients are predominantly male, older in age, and essentially in good health. The hospital has knowledge of the large target market, as there were 600,000 such operations in the United States in 1979. Shouldice uses an internal market strategy.Shouldices doctors are use to quality of the Shouldice method. The doctors are after several years at Shouldice must decide if this is roughlything they want to do for the rest of their lives because eventually they provide lose consult with other medical disciplines. Few elect to leave. Nurses at the facility are people oriented and work to assist patients as well as they can. The rung is flexible and team oriented. Shouldice implements a sharing policy where the employees are paid a part of the profit in addition to their fixed salaries.This sharing is done based on their contributio n towards the success of the firm. This entices them to work hard and put in more efforts. From the management point of view, they have given their staff a lesser work load and weekends off. This makes it able for the staff to spend more time with their families and keeps them content with their jobs. After discussion, our group has four suggestions for Shouldice Hospital in basis of their problem. First, author mentions that there are some people realize that they dont have hernias when they talk to doctor in hospital.Therefore, hospital can increase its capacity by sheer this kind of error. Our group suggests that hospital should improve its questionnaire to make sure consumer can totally understand the questions. If there are some uncertainties in the questionnaire, nurses or doctors should call individual to make sure he/she has certain external types of abdominal hernias. Secondly, we think that Shouldice Hospital should not operate on Saturday. Even through Saturday operatio n can increase capacity by 20%, it is hard to control the operation quality. As ODell verbalize On the other hand, Im oncerned about this talk of Saturday operations. We are already getting good utilization of this facility. And if we expand further, it get out be very difficult to cite the same kind of working relationships and attitudes. Already there are rumors floating around among the staff about it. And the staff is not pleased. Right now, Shouldice hospital is much more efficient and effective than other hospital. We believe they make excellent utilization of their resource. Therefore, Saturday operation may cause some overload on hospitals capacity which will jeopardize the current process flow.Thirdly, we believe that offers similar opportunities such as eye surgery is not a good idea. The reason is that the business bottleneck of Shouldice Hospital is the capacity of process rather than the demand in market. So, they should focus on how to improve the capacity to servi ce more patients. Moreover, offering other surgery may harm their professional image in hernias area. Hence, our group suggests that they just stay on the hernias field and try to limit capacity. Fourth, we strongly suggest that Shouldice Hospital should build another hospital in the United States.Nowadays, 42% of their patients are come from the United States. Round-trip fares for travel to Toronto from various major cities in the North American continent ranged from roughly $200 to $600, as compare that the total operation fee including hospital is just around $1000. So the travel cost becomes a big financial burden for patients. Hence, open a new hospital in American will dramatically reduce the travel cost for customers and expand business. There are two big issue concerns with the new hospital, where to open and how to operate.Our group proposes that Shouldice Hospital should conduct a merchandising research to find out where their current American patient come from and the t ransportation for some big city in United States to decide where to put new hospital. About the operation of new hospital, quality control is the most important issue to maintain our brand reputation. They should relocate some experienced doctor from Toronto to American to train and direct the local doctor. Moreover, they should utilize the successful process flow into the new hospital and make some change by considering the difference culture and condition.Finally, Shouldice Hospital should be marketing their service, while the main strategy of marketing is to clarify where is hospital and what kind of operation is truly theirs. Because there are many individuals or institution on the market want to attract customers by using our brand image. But, the quality of their service is not very good. This phenomenon will jeopardize our brand image and destroy our reputation. It is the responsibility of hospital to help people distinguish the fake one. Our group believes that some marketi ng activity will well-build hospitals brand image and help them success in the long-term.

Motivation Case Study

I found both case studies to be very interesting. In the Two men and a Lot of Trucks case hire, I could identify the expectancy theory and Maslows needs hierarchy theory. The text states that bloody shame Ellen quit her well-paying job with benefits to educate her business. What started as a part-time gig working from her dining room table quickly became a successful franchise operation. Mary Ellens weighty work and dedication paid off as there are currently 152 franchise locations.Maslows needs hierarchy theory can similarly been found in this case study through Mary Ellens devotion to providing superior customer service and using her prior work experience. Mary Ellen was able to create high-performing teams by establishing Stick Men University. Offering this level of training has effectively helped Two Men grow. As Sheets says, I want them to be successful as fast as they can. (Jones, 2007) In the Siemens case study I could identify both the expectancy theory and the job enri chment theory. The study stated that Kleinfeld wanted employees to work more flexible hours and on weekends.With everyones job on the line, Kleinfeld put in the extra effort to motivate workers. He made himself available around the clock and it paid off. Even though Kleinfeld relies on the support of the management board he seems to have the freedom to do his job his way. He has held 10 positions at bottom Siemens which has allowed him to explore every corner of the far-flung Siemens empire. I believe that Kleinfeld used the participative approach to creating high-performing teams within Siemens as he was involved with most aspects of this companys growth. (Jones, 2007)

Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management Essay

The en movement of the affordable care act has significantly changed the structure of every(prenominal) wellness care. As the focus of manipulation at health care facilities all across the country transitions from specialty care and acute illnesses to preventative and long term health management, many changes puzzle taken effect that have directly affected the approach and delivery of care. One of the greatest changes is the vast amount of tolerants that are now seeking health care. In an attempt to keep up with these utmost demands, many facilities have been left scrambling to adjust their budgets, reduce excess spending, and implement more efficient authority of care delivery. Nurses throughout this process have had to adapt to a work environment that is constantly being changed and restructured. As a result, decreased job satisfaction, increase incidence of compassion fatigue, and nurse to diligent ratios involving higher acuity levels have all contributed to the vast nurs e shortage that is being experienced today. In addition, patient satisfaction scores and Medicare reimbursement have been greatly affected as well.Despite all of the aforementioned issues, thither are some facilities that are taking the special(a) step to recognize and promote nursing excellence by setting the standards higher in an attempt to gain attracter status. The focus of this writing is to correspond and contrast the expectations of the approaches that nurse leaders and managers may use regarding magnet status as well as discuss the approach that most identifies with the values and beliefs of this author. attractive force status, as defined by Miriam Hospital, is a designation awarded to hospitals for their creation of a attractive feature Culture an environment that non only supports nursing practice, but focuses on professional autonomy, decision making at the bedside, nursing involvement in determining the nursing work environment, professional education, career de velopment and nursing leaders (Miriam Hospital, n.d.).The concept of magnet status was first conceived in the early 1980s and was born of an inquiry as to how certain hospitals were able to retain and motivate nursing staff. This concept was identified based on the results of several research studies and documented in an article entitled Magnet Hospitals Attraction and Retention of Professional Nurses, write and published in 1983 by Dr. McClure president of the American Academy of Nursing (AAN), professor at NewYork University, and a member of the original task crusade (Hawke, 2004). Currently in the United States only six percent, or 389 hospitals, have achieved Magnet status with twenty-six of these located in California (Magnet, 2013, para. 2).Statistics have shown that Magnet hospitals have excellent patient satisfaction scores, safer patient environments, fewer repeat admissions, and better patient outcome overall. There are many rigorous qualifications that mustiness be me t and maintained throughout a facilities designation. It is imperative that nursing leadership and management work together within their defined roles to accomplish the goal of recognizing, organizing and accomplishing the tasks and to picture the staff participation needed to achieve nursing excellence. Only by existing within these defined roles, can the most efficient and accurate results be obtained. The role of management is to identify the resources that are required to accomplish the target goal of the organization. A manager must also plan, organize and implement strategies from an organizational level that outline what is required of subordinates in order to meet the proposed goal (Huber, 2010, p. 31).It is the responsibility of the manager to ensure that policies and procedures are implemented and carried out correctly. To achieve Magnet status the nurse manager would need to survey patients and staff to define areas of weakness that would need to be addressed by staff t o improve patient satisfaction. These actions can include steps to becoming more financially efficient by reducing waste, ensuring Medicare reimbursement through patient satisfaction, and nursing practices that reflect these decisions such as bedside reporting, user-friendly patient education, hourly rounding and updating whiteboards. The role of the nursing leader is to assist the nurse manager in accomplishing the organizational goals by facilitating velvet transitions through communication, guidance and assisting staff in the understanding of what the vision is, why they are being asked to do certain things, and how they relate to the larger picture.This is accomplished by establishing trust and striving toward cohesion and mutual tolerance while managing conflict (The difference between leadership and management, 2012, para. 2). In comparing and contrasting managers and leaders there are some points to consider. In management, many goals are established by other people and carr ied out by the managers within the organization. Leaders will act to develop new and fresh approaches toproblems that may exist within the organization. The leaders instinct is to take risks and to challenge those people and ideas within an organization that may be holding it back. Managers work to accomplish the tasks and usually will continue to do whatever is necessary to get the job done without taking on too much risk or moving forward (The difference between leadership and management, 2012, para. 7). Magnet culture is one of empowerment, shared decision-making and accountability (Frellick, 2011, para. 8). In order for this vision to succeed, health care facilities must demonstrate mastery of specific core principles known as the Fourteen Forces of Magnetism which includes a high quality of nursing management, and an environment that is built upon strong participation, where nurses are recognized by the top levels of management.Another keystone to success is strong interdiscip linary relationships moment members from all departments of the health care team are able to work together this includes nurses, physicians, pharmacists and therapists. Participatory leadership focuses on the mutual respect and involvement of all parties. It is democratic in nature and promotes shared responsibility for actions it is this leadership style that this author most identifies with. It is of the opinion of this author that personal involvement and the inclusion of everyone is key to maintaining a working professional relationship between management and subordinates because it empowers everyone to work together to achieve a vision or goal.If employees on all levels come up that their opinions and ideas matter and are important, than they will be willing to go the extra mile to see that goals get accomplished as the organizations visions turn their visions as well. This cannot be accomplished without managers and leaders who have the ability to harness this commitment an d facilitate unity between all parties involved. True success is not gained through the dictation of what is and what will be, it is gained through the understanding that if we all work together, we can be really great because we all have something to contribute and when conjugated together, these contributions will make us the best we can be.ReferencesFrellick, M. (2011). A Path to Nursing Excellence. Hospitals & Health Networks. Advance online publication. Retrieved fromhttp//www.hhnmag.com/hhnmag/jsp/articledisplay.jsp?dcrpath=HHNMAG/Article/data/04APR2011/0411HHN_FEA_workforce&domain=HHNMAG Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) close Magnet. (2013). Retrieved from https//www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/nurse/magnet/faq.html Hawke, M. (2004, January). Magnet Status Attracts Mettle. Nursing Spectrum, 19-21. Retrieved from http//www.nsna.org/portals/0/skins/nsna/pdf/career_jan04_hawke.pdf Huber, D. L. (2010). Leadership and Nursing Care Management (4th ed.). . Retrieved from http//pageburstls. elsevier.com//books/9781416059844/pages/49495303 Miriam Hospital. (n.d.). http//www.miriamhospital.org/services/nursing/magnet-hospital.html The difference between leadership and management. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.strategiesfornursemanagers.com/ce_detail/208037.cfm

What Makes an Act Sexually Perverse

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Behind the ‘Battle Royal’

A sanction of violence, uprising, gullibility, and realization Ralph Ellisons short bill Battle Royal depicts a different story that embroils the philosophical depths behind concepts of racism and suffering. It is about pleasing people that results to losing your own identity. It is a foreshadowing historical cataclysm as the fabricator attempts to transport his readers from idealism to realism and finally relating to the true meaning ones social identity.In the beginning of the story, a nameless, first-person narrator instinctively intimates that for the first twenty years of his life, he has looked at others to answer forefronts of self-definition. Identity issues could instantly be implicated as he entraps that it is only him who can embodiwork forcet out who he really is. In order to do this, the narrator must first discover that he is an invisible man As the story unfurls, it transfixes a scene in which he muses that its non only him whos blind but also, those who abus e the narrator by belittling him as chaste stereotype and erasing his individuality and human di custodysion.The primary objective of the narrator in the story is just to carry a good speech. Uneasy about it, he was really worried. While blindf matureed and being beaten(a) in the Battle Royal, he is still going over his speech inside his head. Symbolically, hes blind to the attackers that he must fend off. This is a stark depiction of the narrators utter blindness to racism happening around him and the all the dehumanizing acts that he is forced to participate in. Then, the narrator is softly remembering his grandfathers death. The narrator overhears him imparting some words to his father.Those words pursue the narrators psyche for years to come. On his deathbed, the narrators grandfather gives him a rather disturbing advice. The old man said Son, after Im gone I want you to keep up the good fight. I never told you, but I have been a traitor all my innate(p) days, a spy in the en emys country ever since I gave up my crampfish back in the Reconstruction. Live with your head in the lions mouth. I want you to pommel them with yeses, undermine them with grins, agree them to death and destruction, let them swallow you till they vomit or bust enormous open. Learn it to the young ones.Using personification, Ellison represents the lion as the duster man, who will roar throughout the duration of the story. The men roared as the narrator will struggle for the coins on the electric rug. When he tries to pull a white man onto the rug, the man raise up roaring with laughter and kicks him in the chest. During the narrators speech, the men yell for him to repeat the polysyllabic social responsibility and the room fills with the uproar of laughter. Clearly, the narrators question of identity could be traced back to the weary lives of his grandparents who were born as African slaves and freed years before.Rhetorically, this freedom bestowed unto them and do them part of a United States. But in the closer analysis, in the social circles during their time and as what the narrator experienced, African-Americans are still separated from whites it is somewhat like the separate fingers on the hand. Ellison descriptively used animals to symbolically represent people because in the course of history white men traditionally treated the black people as animals. In the first place, they were slaves. Also, when white men see au naturel(p) white women as sexual objects, ironically the white men transform themselves to animals.One instance in the story depicted a man who watches the woman dance and holds his arms up like an intoxicated panda bear. Although the symbolism of the animal imageries is not very obvious, how Ellison showcased these symbolism reinforced his themes. It adds up to the life and vitality of moral pictures demonstrating the vividness of Ellisons storytelling. Works Cited Ellison, R. W. Battle Royal. In Literature Reading, Reaching, Writi ng. Compact Fifth Edition by Kirszner & Mandell, p. 174 -185.

Stanislavski- Method Acting and Its Importance

Stanislavski and The system To become a roaring actor one must erase personal experience and emotions and build their character from nothing. lee Strasburg. Konstantin Sergeyevich Alexeyev was natural in Moscow, Russia in 1863. He was first seen on stage at the age of seven and at the age of twenty-one he changed his stage name to Konstantin Stanislavski. He was founder of the first acting brass, co-founder of the Moscow Theatre (1897), and a renowned practitioner of the naturalist school of thought. In 1987 he besides met Russian playwright, Anton Chekov.Stanislavskis process of character development, the Stanislavski Method, was the means for method acting acting. It was, and still is, the most potent acting system on the modern stage and screen. After enrolling at Moscows turn School, he left after three weeks of not being satisfied with the training. Back then, rehearsals were very casual. Actors would mountain pass on stage and deliver their lines with the text in fro nt of them. There was no attempt in making the acting a earth. He felt the need to change theatre and thought that it was master(prenominal) that the actors skill should involve more than sh bothow techniques.The acting needs to have veridical feeling. To give the audience feeling we must first attain the feeling for ourselves. This is why personal experiences are important as they possess what we have felt in the past, present and future. We can re-collect emotions such as happiness or sadness and use these to act with feeling and convey a message to the audience. human beings have many emotions that they mask at one time. In class, students are shown experiential learning. Methods and activities such as Emotional recall and Lady Macbeth (Act 1, scene 7) can help actors create appropriate actions, thoughts and emotions for certain characters or scenes.In emotional recall, students were to recall something, where at that moment their lives changed or made them feel something t hey would never forget. Most were sad, but people tried to hold back tear bit trying to speak. Most of the time the tears would just eventually flow and this gave students the hotshot of method acting. Collecting personal experiences helped them act with a sense of feeling and emotion. When creating a character you may need personal experiences although, you must wipe out idiosyncrasies to create an original character.Exercises such as slaps and milling and grooving helped students show a part of their idiosyncrasies. Slaps required all concentration and this established how a student would react throughout the exercise. Milling and grooving was being fitting to light up a connection with the look and communicating without speaking a word. These exercises helped maintain control and focus, while showing their idiosyncrasies without realising it. There are many techniques that have been learnt in the Stanislavski system in relation to lee(prenominal) Strasburgs statement. Sta nislavskis method was to encourage actors to become artists in their own right.Stanislavski had to design a method to inspire his three-part System. This is now known as method acting, the mechanisms used to take on a section are varied, but all focus on making an actor put their own experience, belief and feeling into a role. Strasburg taught Stanislavskis system, but is famous for the Method that he developed at the collection Theatre (although the term method acting generally refers to the use of Stanislavskis system in the States Method with a capital M refers specifically to Strasbergs approach). The Method was used to create reality within an actor.Lee Strasberg suggested to the students and theatre film performers to try not to act, be yourself, use gesture in a manner that you use in private life. Stanislavski wanted acting to feel and be real. Some exercises in class were Circle of attention and beats and thoughts. Circle of attention was making a connection with the e yes without speaking, where you had to concentrate on a set of eyes and move when the time was right. There was an inner and out circle. If a student was about to move, the person from the outside circle could tap the student and stop them from moving. This maintain focus. Beats and thoughts is a skill where the actor breaks down a scene into beats or bits, all of a sudden sections that end with each change of objective. Take out all your idiosyncrasies and make characterisation for your role. Break up each line and give it meaning, using pauses where necessary. This will give you the effect you need. We do this, because we must make the piece as convincing as possible and make your audience believe what you are saying, or doing is real. You must incorporate lights and shades for the frolictic side to take effect. You need to be able to hold a convincing tone so the actions can flow when you act.As a student studying drama this made me feel like I could portray or master any ch aracter thrown at me. Beats and thoughts created emotion and characterisation that was needed to create and portray any necessary role. Method acting needs to be portrayed in theatre. Without it, the audience wouldnt be moved by the performance. The world is better for it. Actors can persuade, make people laugh, cry, surprised, frightened, all by using method acting. Lee Strasburgs statement is false although to act correctly you must wipe out idiosyncrasies but uphold the truth (personal experiences) of emotions.This makes method acting the most influential acting system around the world. Bibliography Copyright 2011 Bradley Bishop and Trevor Jones http//www. kryingsky. com/Stan/ story/bot. html (Last accessed 14th March 2012) h2g2 2012 http//h2g2. com/dna/h2g2/A5133151 (Last accessed 14th March 2012) 2008, All rights reserved, Jamactors. com http//www. jamactors. com/articles/method_acting. php (Last accessed 14th March 2012) screen Drama Notes 2012 (Last accessed 14th March 20 12) Shanelle Fairhall

‘Lord of the Flies’ by William Golding Essay

Compare and Contrast the characters of Ralph and mother fucker and call attention on their roles in the novel?Lord of the Flies is an allegory, a simple adventure story that to a fault has deeper meaning. Golding uses the characters of Ralph and seaman to illustrate the battle between right and wrong within society. Both have superior characters only use methods that contrast in many ways. They have different expectations of others and of the island itself, and have opposing priorities and objectives. It is obligatory to examine their different character traits in detail, in order to understand how these influence the development of deportment on the island.At red cents first appearance in the novel, we recognise him as a natural leader. Jack is the head of the choir and a strict disciplinarian. Choir Stand still However, throughout this encounter, he maintains control and dignity. Jack has complete confidence in his decisions. He cannot be accused of disturbing people by b eing indecisive as he always has cod and definite opinions. I ought to be chief I can sing C sharp. However, his black cloak and blood-red hair are hints of a dark and fiery side to his character. These were the main colours of the Nazi ships company flag. Gradually we see Jack changing from an authoritarian leader into something oft more(prenominal) ruthless, casting him as a type of Hitler.In contrast, Ralph first appears fun-loving and carefree, sounding like a typical public groom boy, wacco wizard golly. He is excited at the prospect of an adventure at the beginning, not considering the implications of being alone(predicate) and coping on the island, standing on his head when he does not know what to do. Forced at last to believe in the reality of the island, laughed delightedly again and stood on his head. Ralph is an instinctive soul who has a tendency to rush into things before considering the consequences. This shows his immaturity. Ralph is therefore quite chil dish and nave at times. ulterior in the novel Ralph looks back with regret at that first enthusiastic exploration as though it were part of a brighter childhood.Despite this, Ralph shows himself to be a strong character who often displays clear authority during the novel. He desires order, calling assemblies and using the conch, the image of democracy and civilisation, Ralph felt a kind of veneration for the conch. This shows Ralphs belief in democracy. He tries to treat people as equals, including characters like Piggy. He cares for others and is compassionate, particularly to the littluns. Ralph excessively shows his assertiveness when dealing with Piggy, Better Piggy than Fatty, he said at last, with the directness of legitimate leadership. He is also courageous confronting the tribe when they steal Piggys glasses calling Jack a beast and a swine and a bloody, bloody thief.Ralphs physical appearance also favours him. He is tall, agile, a good swimmer with a mildness about h is mouth and eyes that laud no devil. This is a clear indication of Ralphs character. However, he does not convey as much confidence as Jack. Ralph can appear the weaker of the two by depending on Piggy for advice. This is probably because he has had no experience of leadership and therefore lacks confidence. Simon suggests Ralph needs to be firmer youre chief, you tell em remove However Ralph could also be seen as open-minded. He is always prepared to listen to both sides of an communication channel without forcing his own opinions.Ralph has an optimistic character, never questioning that rescue will come. Ralph earns the adore of the boys and gains their trust. Jack rules through fear. It is a sign of Ralphs good judgement that he delegates responsibility and trusts Piggy, having respect for his advice. Although like everyone else he becomes more savage in order to survive, unlike Jack he does not take this to extremes. Ralph becomes mindful of his repellent appearance with a little course of his heart. After Simons death he says, Im frightened of us.In contrast, Jack becomes a good keen hunter and relishes this role. Increasingly he begins to adopt animal-like methods down like a sprinter as if he is ready to sniff out the scent. Jack can be very determined, and will persevere. At first, Jack is unable to kill the pig, but he shows promise of completing the task in hand I shall Next time Soon his coercion with killing the pig takes over and he can no monthlong keep his basic instincts under control. There are hints that Jack finds it harder to keep a clear head. Jack frowned in an effort to chance upon clarity, showing that he was beginning to lose concentration and control. Jack forgets about home and has no craving to get off the island. Soon, he has no priorities, other than to hunt and kill.Jack becomes increasingly tyrannical towards everyone. The longer the boys are on the island the worse he becomes. At first Jack targets most of his aggre ssion at Piggy. This seems to be a coping mechanism when things are going wrong. Jack uses Piggy to vent his frustration physically. He seems to feel his only way of control is through violence. Jack shows himself to be a bully, and respect is not given to Jack voluntarily, he demands it. The reason why people obey him is through terror. His chase become known as the Tribe symbolic representationising their loss of individual identity.As Jacks dictatorial style develops he shows himself to be very narrow-minded and expects people never to question him. He will not listen to anyones opinion. Bollocks to the rules the phrase Jack uses to dismiss democracy. From the beginning, Jack is systematically rude to Piggy. He is a very judgmental person, and he takes Piggy at face value. Jack does not look for the best or show any sign of accepting people for who they are. He has no consideration for peoples feelings. Eventually any suggestions given to Jack are interpreted as a threat.Jack s hows no remorse. A good example of this is the incident concerning the fire. The fire is the symbol of safety and of destruction of power and of hope. The Hunters whom Jack leads can be viewed in the same way. A symbol of safety when obtaining food, but of destruction when blindly killing. By neglecting the fire, Jack shows himself to be unreliable, forsaking the group in favour of his own interests and priorities. He does not admit to being at fault or apologise, but retaliates with aggression.It is easy to understand why Jack is viewed as the obvious leader. He came to the island with experience of holding a responsible position. Ralph, til now, has a more spontaneous approach. He is less rigid and seems able to adapt to the changing circumstances. Throughout their time on the island we see Jack and Ralph changing due to their environment and the pressures which they face. Often Ralph rises to the scrap with fairness and clear thinking, but the weight of responsibility causes e xtreme stress. A strange thing happened in his head. Something flittered there in front of his mind like a bats wing, obscuring his idea. Jack however becomes increasingly violent and degenerates into an overpowering dictator.Lord of the Flies was written by Golding to highlight some of the applicable issues of the day. Published in 1954, there was a strong worldwide movement against dictators and fascism following the Second origination War. The division between Ralph and Jack highlights the gulf between good and evil, two continents of experience and feeling, unable to go along. Jacks role symbolises fallen mankind, degenerating as the novel progresses into ultimate sin and savagery. Ralph also becomes aware of the darkness of mans heart. Ralphs failure to maintain democracy symbolises mankinds failure to deal with our own sinful natures.Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of mans heart and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy.