How to write an essay Essay Example for Free

How to write an essay Essay 1. An introduction-introducing the topic generally, and then identifying your main or controlling idea (the point of your essay, your view of the assigned topic statement). 2. Middle paragraphs that develop and support the controlling idea. Each paragraph gives a different point or argument supporting the thesis. One point per paragraph, and one paragraph per main point. Don’t forget to give good concrete examples with descriptive details, facts and arguments to support each of your arguments. Develop the paragraph fully and logically with these details, facts and arguments. 3. Conclusion-re-states the controlling idea, summarizes the supporting arguments and provides a closing statement. Title Your title should relate to your main topic to establish the focus of the essay. It should be concise and informative. Examples: â€Å"Reasons for the Fall of Rome† or â€Å"The Emancipation of the Tibetan Nation† The Introduction The introductory paragraph tries to interest the reader, name the subject of the paper, indicate what idea will be expressed about it, and perhaps show how it will be handled. There are many ways to begin an expository essay: Begin with a quotation. It may be directly or indirectly related to the subject. Begin with an interesting fact or statistic. Begin with a short anecdote or narrative. A short narrative is particularly effective for adding a touch of variety to an expository paper. Begin with a paradox. Begin with relevant background material. Background material should, however, be concise and clearly related to your thesis. Begin by stating a long-term effect or effects without immediately stating the cause. Begin with an analogy. Begin with a definition of a term that is important to your topic. This should not be a simple dictionary definition but an explanation of the term as it applies to your topic. The thesis statement A thesis statement alerts your reader to the main argument of the essay and prepares him or her, in a general way, for the content that is to follow. The statement should be brief; there is no point in supplying an outline of everything that a short paper is going to say. But the thesis statement should not merely announce the author’s general interests or plans. Examples: Preliminary thesis statement: I intend to discuss the reasons for the fall of Rome. Revised thesis statement: The major reason for the fall of Rome was bad economic policy. Preliminary thesis statement: I think that Tibet should be its own free nation. Revised thesis statement: Tibet should be its own free nation. Development Your development should have at least three points or arguments supporting your thesis. Each point should take up a whole paragraph. Paragraphs are composed of three elements: Topic sentence: This sentence presents in general terms the subject of the paragraph. The topic sentence may occur anywhere in the paragraph, but is generally the first sentence of the paragraph. Supporting sentences: These sentences form the body of the paragraph. The content of the supporting sentences comprises specific facts or specific arguments which demonstrate the validity of the generalizations presented in the topic sentence. Concluding sentence: This sentence concludes discussion of the point which is the topic of the paragraph and often makes possible the transition to the topic of the next paragraph.

Introduction Applied Performance Practices Business Essay

Introduction Applied Performance Practices Business Essay Financial Rewards is the most fundamental applied performance practice in organizational settings. Pay has multiple meanings, such as symbol of success, reinforcer and motivator, reflection of performance, reduce anxiety and so on. The meaning of money also varied. There are four types of rewards in the workplace: Membership and Seniority Based Rewards -Represent the largest part of most pay checks and fixed wages, seniority increases. Job Status-Based Rewards -Include job evaluation and status perks. Competency-Based Rewards -Pay increases with competencies acquired and demonstrated. Performance-Based Rewards -An overview of some of the most popular individual, team, and organizational performance based rewards. Besides that, company will have their own way to increase the job effectiveness and improving the company performances. Below are the type of way: Job Design- The process of assigning tasks to a job, including the interdependency of those tasks with other jobs. Job Specialization The result of division of labor in which work is subdivided into separate jobs assigned to different people. Job Rotation- The practice of moving employees from one job to another. Background of the Coca-Cola Company Soft drinks are getting popular nowadays. There are so many soft drinks company around the world. One of the most popular beverage company is Coca-Cola Company. The Coca-Cola Company, produces a variety of soft drinks and consumer products. Coca-Cola was founded in May 1886 by Dr. John S. Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia, a pharmacist. There was a time when Pemberton actually trying to concoct a headache remedy, but once he mixed his special syrup with carbonated water, a brand new taste drink is created. He let some of his customers tasted the result, and they praised for the awesomeness of the drink. He realized that he has successfully created something new and it is the popular soda fountain beverage. The name of Coca-Cola was coined by his bookkeeper, Frank Robinson. Later on, a businessman, Asa Griggs Candler has purchased it and introduced it as a carbonated soft drink in the market. Then Coca-Cola dominated the market of carbonated soft drinks throughout the 20 century. Coca-Cola has also became one of the global market leaders in the beverage industry. The branch of Coca-Cola has spread all over the world, such as North America, Eurasia, Africa, Europe, Latin America, and Pacific. There are approximate more than 500 non-alcoholic beverage brands owned or licensed by the Coca-Cola company, mainly sparkling beverages but also a variety of still beverages, such as waters, enhanced waters, juices and juice drinks, ready-to-drink teas and coffees, and energy and sports drinks. Being the worlds largest beverage distribution system, there are more than 200 consumers enjoy their beverages at a rate of more than 1.8 billion servings a day. Coca-Cola also rank among the worlds top 10 private employees with more than 700,000 system employees. The Company competes with PepsiCo, Inc., Nestle, Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc., Groupe Danone, Kraft Foods Inc. and Unilever. Mission Vision There are many challenges faced by the company. Competitors are making brand new strategies to defeat the company. Therefore, the company need to clear and understand the direction of the business in the market and predict the future. Their vision for next ten years is about to create a long term destination program for their business which will also provide them a Roadmap for winning from their bottling competitors. Mission Our Roadmap starts with our mission, which is enduring. It declares our purpose as a company and serves as the standard against which we weigh our actions and decisions. To refresh the world To inspire moments of optimism and happiness To create value and make a difference. Vision Our vision serves as the framework for our Roadmap and guides every aspect of our business by describing what we need to accomplish in order to continue achieving sustainable,  quality growth. People:  Be a great place to work where people are inspired to be the best they can be. Portfolio:  Bring to the world a portfolio of  quality  beverage  brands  that anticipate and satisfy peoples desires and needs. Partners: Nurture a winning network of customers and suppliers, together we create mutual, enduring value. Planet:  Be a responsible citizen that makes a difference by helping build and support sustainable communities. Profit:  Maximize long-term return to shareowners while being mindful of our overall responsibilities. Productivity:  Be a highly effective, lean and fast-moving organization. Content Part Theory and Concept Coca-Cola Company relies on prudent systems, offers employee jobs with high motivation potential, expects staff to manage themselves, and delegates power to branches, resulting in high levels of employee empowerment and performance. The most common elements of reward using by Coca-Cola Company are based on long term incentives reward, annual incentives reward and base salary reward. All the rewards given to the employees based on membership and seniority -based rewards, competency-based rewards and Job status based-rewards. All middle and senior management, excluding our executive team, participate in the CocaCola Hellenic Long- Term Incentive Plan. Starting from the 2011-2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan, they operate under a new format aimed at linking employee performance to short- and long-business priorities and rewarding employees accordingly. Incentive payouts are based on business performance against three-year objectives which are set on an annual basis. Exceptional business performance may result in awards in excess of individual target payouts. The performance of the plan will be measured against selected KPI performance over a three-year period; that KPI s includes volume market share, net sales revenue per unit case and Group ROIC. The target payout for the plan is determined for each individual based on their performance, potential and level of responsibility and the plan payout takes places at the third anniversary of the plan. Coca-Cola Company awards the employees by using performance-based rewards. The employees will receive their reward based on their performance. Besides, Coca-Cola Company also using types of reward like annual incentive reward. The reward will be given to the employees based on the Job-status-based reward. While their goal is long-term sustainable growth, the Compensation Committee chooses annual incentives to pay to reward Named Executive Officers for individual performance and operational results for an operating group and/or overall Company performance on an annual basis. The annual objectives are carefully chosen to ensure integration and alignment with our overall long-term objectives. At the start of the incentive period, Compensation Committee designs the target amount, based on a percentage of base salary. Total benefits package is highly regarded and is designed to meet employees basic and life-changing  benefits  needs. As market dynamics evolve, the Company regularly assesses our benefits programs to ensure employees receive those benefits they value and are provided with diverse options that address the issues of individuals and families and promote healthy lifestyles. As  to fetch information on the part of employees problems, Cola-Cola Company makes  close collaborative  or communication  system  with them to satisfy them all to increases their efficiency and effectiveness. Because need and wants of employees are changing day by day to satisfy meaningful needs and wants are very important in the behalf of organization so as to use best potential of both physical and mental competencies is very important. Thats why defining criteria of rewarding them have a significant importance for the mutual  benefits  of  both  employees  and  organization.  Rewards  have  greater  importance  and effectiveness in Pakistani cultures, because people have more demand of them. What do you think is the most important emerging issue in the design of work? Diversity and limitlessness are the factors that stand out in the case study about the Coca-Cola Company.    With Coca-Cola being a worldwide company that offers such an array of products, they must hire flexible and diverse employees to support the needs of the still-growing company.    The employees reviews reaffirmed that by hiring a diverse group of employees and task them with different challenges in different countries; their choice to staff the company in this way has been successful.    By working with other unique individuals, they are enlightened by new methods of thinking and working.   The work specialization of Coca-Cola Company is high, as each Manager is made responsible for only a particular function, which is his expertise. There is no boredom or monotony as each salesman is meeting the different sort of person and the work is challenging and promotions are based on performance there is no monotony and boredom. Real Life Example The Coca-Cola Company rewards programs are regularly benchmarked against a select peer group of the major competitors and key players in the local market. The rewards management teams are based on the rewards programs that set by the company to give rewards. There are many ways to rewards the employees and one of the rewards ways that the company rewards the employees is based on the performance-based rewards. First the Coca Colas management team prefers grade for defining pay. Before there prepare the performance reward level there will do the research by conducting survey for the top five companies. There will conduct minimum three year rewards ranges of those top five companies and take average of them. Then there will decide their performance rewards system according to their management grades. The each year inflation rate has to be included no matter the employees individual performance increase or not. The Coca Cola human resource management also looking forward to performance ratings has mentioned. It will help the team to define a system in an organization systematic from to remove biases and ambiguity. Besides that the examples of the company use the competency-based rewards. The Coca Cola Company is a beverage industry which is focus more on the product with high quality, sell more and also get more customer satisfaction. So the management team creates more opportunities for the sales people to sell more and get more. By generating high work performance and make more profits, the company are able to utilize full potential of sales people. Because of that rewards system, the sales people have more opportunities to get rewards of both intrinsic and extrinsic ones. The table below is the example of the competency based rewards. Ares under consideration Sales% H.R% Account% Analysis Performance to organization goals 60-70 65-75 50-60 Average Performance of workers A achieve 40-55 50-60 40-50 Unsatisfied Performance of workers B achieve 75-85 60-70 60-70 Good Acceptance Thus, the Coca Cola Company also have use the job status based rewards. There are many country Coca Cola Company is providing such rewards likes Great Britain, Luxembourg, Netherlands and Belgium. Those countrys company are depending on the job and grade the employees could be offered a company car, mobile phone, laptop, private health insurance, financial planning or free internet at home. Besides those countries, Norway and Sweden are offering the company car with free fuel. Furthermore, different job status of employees can choose different type of rewards, perks or benefits. Beside the reward, The Coca Cola Company also has a different way of conducting business than most companies. There has used the job design for the work or job management. There start with looking for secret ingredients that potential employees may have that will help grow the recipe for success for the individual and the company. At the each level and location, The Coca Cola Company will use the best combination of diverse individuals to fill the different positions in a way that benefits the team at the location. The main objective there focus which is on diversity of their employees as well as their products and markets can continues being successful. By using the diversity, it has great success as one of the main criteria for employee searches. Besides that, there also dont limit their employees position in the company in order to allow them to grow within the organization as well as personally, which allows them to take the job as far as they want it to go. The Coca Cola Company also will think about or consider the idea and suggestions from all level, again can using their diversity to improve the company and also the individual. The mutual respect and appreciation within the workplace nurtures the individuals so that there grow within the company and that in turn reduces turnover, boosted employee morale, productivity, teams work and company loyalty. Lastly, because of that, the Coca Cola Company is still growing more every year. Disadvantages of Coca-Cola Company rewards system We all know the concept of nothing is perfect and same goes to Coca-Cola Company. It sounds so sweet on what rewards Coca-Cola Company has given to the employees, but there is a lot of weaknesses hidden and left unseen. First and for most, Coca-Cola Company rewards the employees based on their performance. However, using the performance based reward may only reward those who apparently contributed to company and neglected the others employees that contributed silently. This may pop-up the feeling of jealousy among the employees. The discrimination or dissatisfaction among employees may affects their morale and companys reputation. Besides, performance based reward system may bring out the problem that the employees will have focusing on individual rewards and abandoned the teamwork. Competition can be good but if its too aggressive it can be detrimental. The employees may lose sight of their customers needs and allow service or satisfaction to suffer in lieu of achieving good performance. Unity is strength, there are works that couldnt be done individually. Therefore, performance based reward should paying attention on team reward but not individual reward. Due to the reason of humans judgment might be bias, a system is necessary to evaluate the employees job performance. The KPI is one of the system generally used by the company. However, there are some disadvantages when measure the employees performance based on KPI. KPI couldnt measure long term performance of the employees. As if the appraisal is only measure the recent performance, hence it is not conducted fairly. It may cause animosity in the office. In addition, KPI only focus on the outcome and it lose the creativity from the employees. This may discourage employees from experimenting with innovative solutions that might produce a better result. Moreover, the employees loyalty couldnt be measured. Employees loyalty represented how much can he scarified for the company which is also a main point to lead company to success. Aside from that, the annual or monthly incentives given by the company shouldnt be equal to everyone, because it might demotivated the employees from working hard. They might have a thought that nor matter they did anything right or wrong they will still rewarded the same by the company. Giving different base rewards may motivate the employees from working harder. Coca-Cola Company rewarding their customers based on monthly too. A company giving rewards too often might leads to huge expectation of employees. The employees may expect to receive same value of rewards in future, then any potential motivation of reward will be lost. The gift will act as a regular compensation but not an additional bonus for motivation. When a bigger pay-out doesnt happen, employees can become disgruntled, which can hinder work performance or, in a worst-case scenario, leave the company. Therefore, there must be a good balance of incentives for these admin/support staff or else they will not feel appreciated. Last but not least, Coca-Cola Company should have paying greater reward to those who hardworking and overtime always. Some of the employees are dissatisfied on the pay of overtime since the half hour of working is not counted. It shows that Coca-Cola Company is not treating fair to their employees. While talking about job specialization, one of the key disadvantages of specialization is that jobs often become monotonous. Employees do not like to focus on one specific job because it may increase employees boredom and they will become tedious, empty and unsatisfying. With specialization, people rarely meet the final product and  are merely selling their labor for a price as if it were a commodity. Their job satisfaction decreases and the quality of job performance will fall. At the same time, it may cause unemployment. This happen when there is no similar job offered if you are fired. Also it limit the freedom of the choice of work. Lesser flexibility; in the absence of a worker, it is hard to shift workload to any of the available workers because they do not have variety of skills. Greater chances of workers getting local muscular fatigue because the same muscles are used in doing the task. As job rotation promote employees to perform different task, if they discover it as a weakness, the task would not be performed well as those is specialize is stronger at it. Another disadvantage is that staff could be rotated away from a task that they enjoy, or perform very well to a high standard which could lead to other staff members not performing the same tasks as well. Furthermore, a huge amount of money is needed to train the employees, to make sure the employees able to handle the task given through job rotation strategy. When the employees are moving around into multiple positions, you must invest time and money into training the workers in all those positions. Not only cost, but also the time of the managers  and others who must train the employees in each area. Recommendation For the performance-based reward use by the Coca-Cola company, our team share the same thoughts that performance-based reward does not fully motivate employees to enhance their best performance practices, which doesnt flexible enough to cover all kind of peoples motivation. Peoples have different values, beliefs or motivation. Some doesnt seek for monetary rewards only, but they also looking for higher job satisfaction, the relationship with the people together and participation in value creation. Besides that, different cultures can influence the meaning and value of money. After go through the disadvantages of current reward system, we suggest Coca-Cola to evaluate their own reward system effectiveness rather than giving more reward to ensure performance and rewards can reach the balance level. First of all Coca-Cola company must ensure their rewards given are valued by the employees. Delivered rewards have to drive the specific employee behaviors to achieve business strategies. Every rewards given will be appreciate by employees and push themselves to achieve higher productivity and performance. Make sure the company and staffs alike understand the value of each reward to ensure transparency. Therefore it is better to have combination of reward system to provide the workforce from different races and cultures can gain their values. Secondly, Coca-Cola must ensure rewards are relevant to attract and retain the staff who can contribute well to the company either way in intrinsic rewards or extrinsic rewards. Last but not least, watch out for unintended consequences too. Some employees may take rewards for granted and company have to make confirmation on rewards given must be make good use by them. For multinational company like Coca-Cola, although they had decentralized the management decision making, job analysis and designing follows the same international structure. Although some deviations may be found on some regions, the company adapts a similar job description and analysis structure. Therefore, Coca-Cola should encourage employees to have self-leadership to perform better in every task. It helps to apply self-motivation and self-direction to accomplish task and cope with company business strategies. The elements of self-leadership included with setting personal direction, construct thoughts pattern, design natural rewards, self-monitoring and self-reinforcement. It trains employee to have higher levels of conscientiousness and extroversion, and positive self-evaluation too. In organizational factor, it turns to more job autonomy, employees tend to have participative leadership and able to build measurement-oriented culture. When employees capable of doing their jobs wel l, organization will require less man power and save more cost on human resources. Well-trained employees will be more productive when theyre more directly involved in decision making process, rather than closely supervised by many layers of management. Empowerment also recommended in Coca-Cola. Empowerment is based on the idea that giving employees  skills,  resources,  authority,  opportunity,  motivation, as well  holding  them responsible and  accountable  for outcomes of their  actions that will  contribute  to their  competence  and  satisfaction. When employees believe they have the authority to make decision, it can improve task significance and task identity. They feel that they have more freedom and discretion and their action influence the companys success. They dont have much excuse to escape from their responsibilities. They know more options, limits, or have experience that helps them make good decisions for the company and the customer.  Ã‚  They have been trained.  Ã‚  That same training can easily be delivered to the frontline employees so they can make better decisions, quickly, and accurately. In a nut shell, if Cola-cola wants to be more competitive in the market, they need to keep up with the changes in management. They need to concern about the organization directions and business strategies. Employees run the company and Coca-Cola must know how to reward his employees and restructure their organization structure whenever the time has come.

Entry Modes In Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay

Entry Modes In Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Research carried by the author has pointed out the differences in the choice of entry mode of Accor in Thailand and China. According to interviews carried before the analysis, managers in Thailand assumed the foreign direct investment as the major choice for local market, which can intensify the network of hotel chains and avoiding financial constrains. According to Sass (2003), FDI is an entry mode which bounds the international business with the domestic ones. Thus, this choice is appreciated by the local government in Thailand, which may be too busy in political reconstruction to get into the rebooting of tourism and hospitality industry. Meanwhile, acquisition is applied by Accor Thailand in order to get acceleration in network expansion. This is mostly realized by management contract, which according to Esperanca (1992), can separating the ownership from the management. However, the long-term contract is related to the motivation systems for the owners, which also admitted by Thailand managers that credibility, trust mechanism are still needed to be constructed for the local owners. Different from this, the strategy in China, especially in the brand Ibis owns the unique characteristic. Although franchising is assumed to be the ideal choice for franchisor and franchisee by the assistance in operation system and the quicker mode to establish network (Pine . Zhang, 2000). It is the fact that many countries are lack of the stable environment which facilitates the process of franchising. As a consequence of this, the overall and diversify market in China is become the ideal choice for this attempt. After all, franchising is putting the reputation of the brand into danger. Once the operation in one point is facing crisis, the whole brand reputation will be called into question. 2.0 Reasons contributed to the different strategy 2.1 Relationship with local strength in host countries This element is viewed as an influential factor in the extension strategy for international hotel chains. While in consideration of the circumstances in those two countries, it is easy to find out the differences into this factor. The first fact is the leading position of Accor in Thailand, which make it more convenient to expand within that country without real competition. Meanwhile, Accor in Thailand is trying to develop better relationship with travel agencies, which can help the process of promotion in current downturns. Even though this efforts is turning unsatisfying results, which can be reflected by the merely 3% guests who claimed to be introduced into the hotel by travel agencies, this efforts in this area are still worthy. Since from long-term perspective, the markets in host countries, especially in new booming ones like Thailand, are more essential for the development of international hotel chains (Gammeltoft Pradhan, 2010). Cooperation with local strength may change the disappointing situation on the overall brand promotion for Accor in Thailand. However, in Chinese marketing, the most worthy way to cultivate is not the one of travel agency. Since many travel agencies in China are limited in moderate scales and not be trusted by travelers, especially native people. Due to the situation in China, that reflects as the relatively close relationship shared by Chinese among friends and family. The results of 23% interviewees who claimed their recognization of the brand is from friends and relatives have provided evidence to this aspect. As a consequence of this, it is understandable why Accor promotes Ibis, which is a economy hotel, widely in Chinese market. Since more local tourists will be attracted by the recommendation from friends. Besides the target group, the local brands and government can also be viewed as important strengths in China for Accor Group. Most MNCs, especially those indulged in service industry like Accor are attracted by China for the low cost of labor, since most of these industries are known as labor-consuming. However, the Chinese government is claiming the efforts they will put in the transformation in this area. Policies will be put more highlights on high-tech area. Thus, for Accor Group in China, it is not advisable to perceive the low cost of labor as an advantage. This is just be self-evident by the efforts Accor have put into the promotion of brands belongs to high class like Novotel as a sign of quality-provided chain. 2.2 Culture aspects Lake of cross-cultural awareness is the major reason which contributes to the frustration of MNCs in host countries. For Accor Group, which pursuit for the position in service industry, this awareness seems to be more essential. The analysis of visiting purpose of the guests can give the most obvious distance from Chinese and Thailand culture. Compared with 27% of guests who claimed to visit hotels on the purpose of relaxing in Thailand, the correspondence rate in China is revealed as merely 9 in 93 persons. This difference, if finding explanation from the culture side, can be understood as Chinese always value family concept more important than other cultures. That is, they will be less likely to choose relaxing places besides home. Thats can also be viewed as reason that contribute to the over 50% satisfaction with the facilities of the hotel in China, since most of them are travel on purpose of business or sightseeing, there needs in additional facilities are relatively lower than others. Thats the reason why Accor promotes brands like Novotel in China. As the business image of the Group, Novotel is just attractive for those international business people who pursue excellent quality service. And the expansion of lower brand Ibis is just suitable for the economical pursuit for sightseeing guests Different from this, Accor is trying to establish more brands in Thailand market. This strategy is also related with the recovery of the political situation. However, it is designed to satisfy the needs of multiple cultures in Thailand. 2.3 Geographical difference This element influence the control relationship between headquarter and subsidiaries abroad. Rodrigues (1995) has lighted the two choices for the headquarters-foreign subsidiary control relationship, included centralization or decentralization. However, the geographical circumstances in China have put a challenge on the centralization process. Thats also the major reason that Accor apply franchising mode in this country. Due to the large area and diversity in many elements, the centralization process will cause too much efforts of the headquarter company. Different from this, Accor Thailand is trying to introduce more brands designed for different groups of people. The higher class hotel like Novotel can not be promoted in methods expect from direct investment, thats partly due to the danger of quality maintain in mode like franchising. Meanwhile, in area like Thailand, whose economical centers are concentrated in the certain region of the country, decentralization will more easy to be realized 3.0 Recommendations in strategy improvement in Thailand and China A. Focusing on the promotion of overall brand. Even though the overall satisfying situation in the subject hotels of research carried by the author is highly evaluated over 50% countries, the recognization of the Accor Group is disappointing. As Punjaisri and Wilson (2007) defined the recognization of the brand for existing guests can give influence to other costumers. As a consequence of this, the disappointing current results will cause barriers when Accor introduce new brands into these two markets. B. Trying to attract different guest groups Business guests and sightseeing ones are two unique highlight in Thailand and China, which covered the largest part of the interviewees in those two markets separately. However, as a hot destination, Thailand owns the distinctive potential in tourism. Even though the Accor Thailand is witnessing 25% guests who claim to settle for sightseeing. It still has a great distance when compared with the booming of tourism industry in this country. Thus, it is advisable for Accor in Thailand to promote image as tourists choice. Different from Thailand, China has been long recognized as sightseeing attraction. As a consequence of this, most international hotel chains would be more likely to position themselves as types for tourists in this market, which also in turn make competition in this area. The 43% sightseeing group also verify this strategy of Accor in China. However, as a developing country who is in the acceleration development, the business guests in China will be increasing gradually in near future. Meanwhile, the location of China also makes it taking the role of economical hinterland for countries in Asia or the world. Thus, the business potential will worthy the efforts to promoting business hotels in Chinese market. C. Combination of entry modes Franchising owns the fastest expansion speed while direct invest witnesses highly control relationship. However, both of these methods own their cons and pros. Current situation is the separation of both modes in China and Thailand as major strategy for those markets. However, franchising can also be applied in Thailand, while franchising may facilitate the development of certain brands in China, Taking the All Seasons in Thailand as example, they are operated by the method of FDI, and only establish a network from Bangkok to Pattaya. The relatively slower speed just testifies the disadvantages of direct investment. Thus, in order to operate economy hotel more successfully in Thailand and set up the wildly net which can attract more tourism. Franchising, which is unique in Chinese market can also be used in All Seasons in Thailand. Higher class brand like Novotel can maintain in the way of direct investment which can ensure the quality of service. While in China, Accor is trying to expend as fast as possible in order to get more share of this booming market. Franchising as the most effective way in this aim is widely applied to expand the economy brand. However, when Accor moving forward in China, there must be attention paid on the choice of the city. The subjects which are chose in the research of author reflect the subtle difference Accor in brand operation among different cities in China. Dalian, as a city bordering on the sea, is always perceived as sightseeing destination in China, thus, Ibis here will position itself as economical choice for tourists. Different from this, Beijing, the capital of China, which is also the centre of economy, is the ideal choice for Novotel to settle. However, due to the larger area in China, the serves radius of a city here is limited. When putting into strategy consideration, it will be necessary to value how many cities exactly Novotel Beijing can provide service to. As a consequence of this, one city in China may shoulder two responsibilities, which can serve as tourism destination and economy centre in center region. Thats where the combination of entry modes should be applied. Meanwhile, the direct investment may be not suitable due to these characteristics, management service contracts can be applied as a replacement, since its a method which can be more decentralize than direct investment, meanwhile, owns more control than franchising. D. More emphasis on the Internet and media promotion This suggestion is merely based on the disappointing situation of Internet channel in both countries. According to the research, this is only 9% and 13% in Thailand and China of the guests who claim acknowledges of information of the hotels is from the Internet. Since Accor is trying to establish the network in both of these two markets, no channel can be more effective than Internet promotion. While at the same time, according to the development situation in both countries, the Internet has already become the major source of information for people It is advisable for Accor to fulfill the existing blanket area in this category. Besides the Internet, the media approach is also neglected in both countries. Even though the media can not be an effective way to promote service of the hotel or provide information details. It can be an efficient approach to the overall brand promotion, which is thought to be a failure for Accor in both markets. As a consequence of this, media can be used to promote the image of Accor and improve the recognization situation of this company among local people, while the Internet can convey the detail information to the target groups. Conclusion To sum up, despite the fact of expansion strategy in both markets, differences are also witnessed according to the various elements like culture, economy and relationship with strength in host countries. Meanwhile, in order to get more share in these two new booming markets, Accor has also to adjust details in its strategy in order to make it more appropriate to those two countries.

Comparing Destruction in Steinbecks Flight and Londons To Build a Fir

Journey to Destruction in Steinbeck's Flight and London's To Build a Fire Not many people have to face death in the cold wasteland of the Arctic or rugged mountains of California, but Pepe and "the man" do. Although the ironic destruction of Pepe and the man were caused by relentless forces of nature, their attitudes and reasons for going on their journeys differed. The setting in both stories consisted of extreme climate and conditions. In Flight the climate was desert hot during the day and chilling cold at night. "The Torres family had their farm, a few sloping acres above a cliff that dropped to the brown reefs and to the hissing white waters of the ocean. Behind the farm the stone mountains stood up against the sky." Pepe spent his last days in the mountains where the conditions were harsh. "His throat was almost closed with thirst. He crawled into the heavy brush feeling with his fingers for water. "There was no water in the bed of the stream, only damp earth." In contrast, the climate in "To Build a Fire" was frigidly cold. "Day had broken cold and gray, ...

Overhead In County Slogi and Woman Work :: Woman Work Maya Angelou

"Woman Work" by Maya Angelou and "Overheard in County Sigo" by Gillian Clarke In this essay I am going to discuss two poems. "Woman Work" written by Maya Angelou, is about a woman who works all the time and just wants to rest. The second poem is called "overheard in County Sigo" written by Gillian Clarke which is about a married woman having a conversation with her friend about her life and looking back at what her ambitions were. "Woman Work" is a regular 5 stanza, rhyming poem, It is set in southern USA. We know this because of the way she talkes "The cane to be cut" Cane is grown in southern USA, "I gotta clean up this hut" Hut is what she calles her house "And the cotton to Pick" cotton also grows in USA. It's about this womanwho's either single or doesn't get any help from her partener/husband. She's always doing something, looking after the children - "I've got the children to tend", housework - "I gotta clean up this hut", shopping - "The food to shop" or farmwork, - "The cane to be cut", "And the cotton to pick". "Overheard in County Sligo" is another regular 5 stanza, rhyming poem. It is set in Ireland. It is about a married woman who "married a man from county Roscommon" and she's talking about what her ambitions were - "I had thaught to work on the Abbey Stage" "or have my name in a book". It doesn't sound like she's happy but she won't leave - "the freedom's there for the taking" but she never went. There are several themes in "Woman work", one of them being Work. We can see this in the first stanza . She lists all the things she's got to do. Another theme being lonleiness. We can see this by the fact that she only mentions her children there, she may want someone to talk to her or help her with all her work. Mainly she just wants a rest. The theme in "Overheard in county Sligo" is basically life, it's all about a woman having a conversation with a friend or someone she knows and someone else just happend to be listening. The housewife is telling her friend about herself, and the fact that she wanted to leave her life but she never did - "the freedoms there for the taking" In "Woman Work" the poet Maya Angelou has made it so the reader can see a womandoing all this work in the reader's head, and how life must have been like for her.

Irish English literature interaction

The notion of Irish literature is often the subject of much critical contention. For some people Irish literature is reserved for works in the Irish language. The fact that the Irish language was almost eradicated during the nineteenth century is still, however few people actually now speak or write it in contemporary Ireland, an inescapable fact of Irish history and Irish literary history. Its eradication was, in part, a matter of political compulsion and also, in part, a matter of the tragic history of the vast scale of emigration which followed on the Irish Famine of 1845-8.This is why, among Irish writers who write in the English language, language itself becomes the focus of their reflection. Literature in English in Ireland has been a literature in which ideas of Ireland — of people, community and nation — have been both created and reflected. To understand how it is true it is necessary to contemplate the conceptions of a distinctively Irish identity which have b een articulated, defended, and challenged. Another point to consider is how the perception of alienation, felt almost by all Irish writers, influences their choice of themes for literary works.For the material of my study I have chosen the works of two great Irish writers, prose writer Joyce and poet Heaney and American writer who nevertheless is regarded as English writer, Thomas Stern Eliot. The reason I choose to include Eliot in this essay is that he is much like Joyce and the comparison between those two geniuses with help to trace the ways of intersection and similarity of two cultural traditions. Another reason for choosing to study Eliot, together with Joyce and Heaney is that all three writers were exiles, the fact that influenced their literary style and themes.They knew and influenced each other.. Eliot founded new literary movement, and Joyce's technical innovations still occupy his followers like Heaney. The work of all three great moderns exhibits the characteristic fe atures of modern art in being difficult to the point of obscurity, complex, allusive, experimental in form, and encyclopedic in scope. The work of all three writers, especially Heaney’s, is imbued with the modern attitude to the past–that the past was radically different from the present but eternally haunts it and so is inescapably past-present.Of the three writers, Joyce was clearly driven into exile in order to write. Joyce wrote with scrupulous naturalism with its fidelity to detail and habit of naming names, and satiric vein. Outwardly rootless Joyce was not inwardly so. His life and art were transfixed, rooted in the Dublin he had known as a young man, which was the subject of all his work. Joyce constantly carried feeling of alienation in relation to his homeland. Joyce rejected his home, family, society, nation, and religion. Alienation is explicitly detailed in Dubliners, the collection of short stories focused on the exploration of Irish theme.One of those st ories Araby focuses on a vagrant boy energized by a desire for escape from the confinement of Irish culture. The desire for such escape appears already in the first story of collection, continues in the second and finally materializes in the third. The epiphanies at the end of first three stories metaphorize the promise of freedom. To gain clear understanding of this metaphor of the travel in quest of liberation we have to illustrate what was the place of Irish culture in the broader aspect of British literature and how it is reflected in Joyce’s literary work.This story is a metaphor for Joyce’s life too, for his search for place where he would have been able to work. Joyce's issue is to present the lives lived by his people and their characteristic and characteristically Irish ways of trying to make sense of them. The image of Dubliners illustrates more than the human condition; it illustrates the Dublin condition, which may be defined as an excessive degree of susce ptibility to decay and loss. It is a condition not of excess but of deprivation. The first three stories The Sisters, Encounter and Araby are connected by the common hero, a boy, who is looking for something that is not there.Araby opens with an inspection of the empty back rooms of an abandoned house on a blind street: An uninhabited house of two stories stood at the blind end, detached from its neighbors in a square ground (Joyce, 29), concludes with the lights going out in an emptied hall: The upper part of the hall was now completely dark. Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity (Joyce, 36), and in between tracks the narrator as his money and the dreams built on it come, by degrees, to nothing.The story gives much attention to detail. In the scene at the marketplace, the narrator offers vivid metonymic of the boy's world. The boy aspires to commence his journey to Araby, a journey which is metaphorized as chivalric quest. His destinati on is eastward, the East is even more important metaphorically to the boy: â€Å"The syllables of the word Araby were called to me through the silence in which my soul luxuriated and cast an Eastern enchantment over me† (Joyce, 32).Because he had thought the East would be the proper place in which his desire might be realized, he is disillusioned, as readers, of Araby by his encounter with the actuality of the â€Å"empty† bazaar with its â€Å"magical name. † On arrival to the Araby the boy discovers absolutely discouraging scene which makes him describe himself, in this confrontation with the real world, in one of Joyce's most famous sentences: â€Å"Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger† (Joyce, 35).What the boy had expected as the completion of his traveling toward Araby, namely the validation of his mastery, ends by confirming, at least in his own eyes, his power lessness. The wanted to find what the priest, the dead father, has lost: faith in the ability to liberate himself and thereby to make at least the journey, into the unknown. Furthermore, he must find a means of bringing that â€Å"poetry† found in the books into touch with the â€Å"prose,† or reality of ordinary Dublin life. Eliot, like Joyce, was an exile.He left United States and found in England an organic society which satisfied his hunger for tradition and order; society, politics, and religion were more closely related and institutionalized in England than in the United States. Unlike Joyce Eliot’s poetry is universal but there is little specifically local attributions, Eliot's work is not as local as Joyce's is. When we look at his poems for physical evidence of his adopted country, we find little. Such images as there are of city, village, church, or stately home are universalized, made symbolic.Eliot in his poetry tends to touch upon unconventional phi losophical issues like what will happen if we lose the capacity to see the community between persons and lose the capacity to believe in any real community between persons. Such a hypothetical situation is exemplified in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock where the â€Å"eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase† (Eliot, line 56) have made the community between persons unable to be seen. The climax is in the middle of the poem, where we see most clearly what the theme of this poem is; it is the peculiar affliction of our age — metaphysical blindness.The middle is the most intricate one in the poem, but if we concentrate on what is essential, following Prufrock as he struggles up the stairs, as he wrestles with the dead lumber in his head, and as he draws near to the person he has come to visit, there is a moment of suspended thought, a moment when Prufrock is his experience, a moment typical of in Eliot’s works, where the door out of the corridor suddenly opens, and we are invaded by a sense of reality. The opening here is not much more than a crack: the flash of light to light as the lamplight is reflected from the brown hair on the woman's arms.But it is sufficient not only to throw Prufrock off his bent: â€Å"Is it perfume from a dress/ That makes me so digress? † (Eliot, line 65) but almost to bring him to act. His â€Å"Shall I say . . . ?† shows him on the verge of entering a real present. But then he falls back, and rejoins the arthropods, because he has nothing to act with, just as he had nothing to confront the streets with: here, for example, he did not see the light answering light. This scene illustrates what is meant by the theme of metaphysical blindness. The poetic collection Prufrock & Other Observations had made Eliot famous in the English-speaking literary world.The interplay between Irish and English literature is continued by Joyce’s follower Seamus Heaney. This divided tradition states the essenti al condition of the modern Irish mind. The Irish literary tradition proffered a sense of identity which became the preoccupation of Irish writers of the early twentieth-century like Joyce; that identity still confounds contemporary poets like Seamus Heaney. Modern poetry in general is haunted by the divided mind, a reflection of man cut off from his past, confused about meaning, and attempting to reconcile himself to his solitude.In the Irish literary tradition that reconciliation is defined in cultural and national terms. The struggle for reconciliation becomes embroiled in the question of identity. Heaney wrote in the early seventies, his poems have as their focus the relation of England to Ireland which tends to be that of domineering male to helpless female. His was a witness of cruelty in Belfast when Catholic student arranged civil rights marches. Heaney moved from Belfast at the peak of this conflict, but his poem Punishment presents his experiences: â€Å"I can see her drow ned / body in the bog, / the weighting stone, / the floating rods and boughs†.(Heaney, 1975) In this poem Heaney explores a theme of revenge for betrayal but admits his own feebleness when facing violence inculcated for ages: â€Å"I almost love you / but would have cast, I know, / the stones of silence. I am the artful voyeur / your brain's exposed and darkened combs†¦ † (Heaney, 1975) This poem as other in collection North, are Heaney's ‘bog poems', in which he disturbs very dark emotions and appeals to the political and social situation in his native Northern Ireland.Heaney's through the interpretation of the past gives his comments on the present in concealed yet strong manner. In conclusion, Heaney, Eliot, and Joyce all exemplify the case of the artist who due to various reason is forced to abandon his homeland. Eliot freed himself from America in order to transplant himself elsewhere. Joyce was trying to find a perfect place for his creative activity. D espite his love-hate relationship with Ireland Joyce remained faithful to Ireland in spirit. Heaney deserted North Ireland because of unstable political situation but often resorted to it in his works.Thus we see, beyond certain similarities in their work, striking contrasts in the lives of these three writers. Joyce preceded and prepared the way for Heaney, as an Irishman writing happily in English. These should enable us better to understand them and the general problem of the alienation of the modern artist. Works Cited List: Eliot T. S. â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† in Prufrock and Other Observations. New York: Bartleby. Com, 2000 Heaney, Seamus. â€Å"Punishment† in North. London: Faber and Faber, 1975 Joyce, James. Dubliners. London: Penguin Group, 1996

Training Module

The training material is developed for the soft skills training during New Employee Orientation in any organization. New employee orientation programs give new employees the basic training and information they need to help them blend with and work in the new organization. The following program is designed as a three-day induction program conducted by a third party organization for an organization in which the new employees have been recruited.Appendix 1. 1 Objectives of Training Develop individual skills Enhance competence of employees Assured career progression Section 2 Topics of Training Appendix 2. 1 Safety Training Importance of Safety Safety System of the Organization Appendix 2. 2 Business Communications Communication model, Barriers to communication Body Language Activities : E-mail writing, Official reports, telephone etiquettes, video conterencing Appendix 2. 3 Team Building Importance of team Organization structure Activities and Games Appendix 2. 4 Professional EthicsEsse ntial Professional Ethics Appendix 2. 5 Attitudinal Development Personalities and Attitudes Johari Window Appendix 2. 6 Leadership Skills and Motivation Needs, motives and motivation Styles of Leadership Activity and Games Appendix 2. 7 Time and Stress management Importance of Time management in organization Stress Management for professionals Appendix 2. 8 Decision Making Activity and models of decision making Section 3 Pre-requisites Appendix 3. 1 Participants Names and details of participants should be provided by the organization.Maximum number of participants should not exceed 25. Appendix 3. 2 Infrastructure and facilities Conference hall, Projector, Interactive boards, laptop and other infrastructure should be made available according to number of participants. Appendix 3. 3 Training material and handouts Preparation, printing and distribution of handouts and material of training and activities as required. Appendix 3. 4 Stationery Writing material, note-pads for participants to be arranged and provided. Appendix 3. 5 Arrangement for food and refreshmentsThe organization will take care of arrangement of food and refreshments of participants Appendix 3. 6 Feedback forms Feedback is essential for both the trainers and the organization. A well formulated feedback form will be used for response of participants Appendix 3. 7 Evaluation forms Based upon the participation and performance of the participants they will be evaluated. This evaluation would stand crucial for the organization.