Noli Me Tangere by Jose Rizal Essay

PURPOSE OF THE TEXT: Jose Rizal wrote Noli Me Tangere during the time of the Spanish occupation in the Philippines. The novel is a reflection of what the Filipinos were going through during that time. He wrote it to open the eyes of the Filipinos to the reality that they were being oppressed. Rizal’s book persistently unmasks contemporary Spaniards in the Philippines of every kind. He exposes corruption and brutality of the civil guards which drive good men to crime and banditry. He focuses on an administration crawling with self-seekers, out to make their fortune at the expense of the Filipinos, so that the few officials who are honest and sincere are unable to overcome the treacherous workings of the system, and their efforts to help the country often end up in frustration or in self-ruin.The Noli is Rizal’s exposà © of corrupt friars who have made the Catholic religion an instrument for enriching and perpetuating themselves in power by seeking to mire ignorant Filip inos in fanaticism and superstition. According to Rizal, instead of teaching Filipinos true Catholicism, they control the government by opposing all progress and persecuting members of the ilustrado unless they make themselves their servile flatterers. STYLISTIC FEATURES: Rizal exaggerated a bit, as in his portrayal of characters like the friars Damaso, Salvi, and Sibyla; the two women who were preoccupied with prayers and novenas, and, the Espadaà ±as but, on the whole, the novel follows the basic rules of realism. Humor worked best where a more serious presentation of the general practices of religion during that time (and even up to present time) would have given the novel a darker and pessimistic tone. Rizal’s description of the lavish fiesta showed the comic antics at church and the ridiculous expense for one day of festivities. TONE: The superstitious and hypocritical fanaticism of many who consider themselves religious people; the ignorance, corruption, and brutality of the Filipino civil guards; the passion for gambling unchecked by the thought of duty and responsibility; the servility of the wealthy Filipino towards friars and government officials; the ridiculous efforts of Filipinos to dissociate themselves from their fellowmen or to lord it over them–all these are ridiculed and disclosed. Nevertheless, Rizal clearly implies that many of these failings are traceable to the misguided policy of the government and the questionable practices of the friars. TITLE: â€Å"Noli me tangere† is a Latin phrase that Rizal took from the Bible, meaning â€Å"Touch me not.† In John 20:13-17, the newly-risen Christ says to Mary Magdalene: â€Å"Touch me not; I am not yet ascended to my Father, but go to my brethren, and say unto them I ascend unto my Father and your Father, and to my God and your God.† STORY/CONTENT: The first of two canonical 19th-century novels, Noli Me Tangere revolves around Crisostomo Ibarra who, after a seven-year stay in Europe to study, comes home to his town of San Diego, brimming with the desire to contribute to the development of the townspeople. More specifically, as a reformist, he aims to make education accessible to more people. His idealism, however, cannot bear fruit because of insidious forces bent on destroying him. Ibarra learns that his father, Don Rafael, had been embroiled in a conflict with Padre Damaso, who eventually causes his humiliation and death. It is not only political power that the friar wields; he has also used power to seduce the mother of Maria Clara, Ibarra’s sweetheart. Ibarra has another enemy in the person of Padre Salvi, who lusts after Maria Clara. It is also Padre Salvi who almost causes Ibarra’s death at the groundbreaking ceremonies for the school. Things come to a head when Ibarra is implicated in a failed uprising instigated by Padre Salvi. The young man is imprisoned but is eventually rescued by Elias, whose life Ibarra has saved in the past. As the novel ends, the thoroughly disillusioned Ibarra sees a bleak future. CHARACTERS: * Juan Crisostomo Ibarra, the main character, is a young illustrado who has been studying in Europe for 7 years according to the wishes of his father. Influenced by his father, his studies and his observations of other countries, he has developed patriotic and progressive ideas which he wishes to put into action in his country. He is very much like Rizal himself. Quoted as saying that to achieve liberation, they need the â€Å"catuiran ng lakas† , or the use of force. * Marà ­a Clara de los Santos is Ibarra’s faithful, pure and modest sweetheart. She is the portrait of an ideal woman, partly drawn perhaps from Rizal’s love Leonor Rivera. * Padre Dà ¡maso was once a good friend of Ibarra’s father. He was, until the start of the novel, the domineering and condescending curate of San Diego, where the property of the Ibarra family is located, and continues to be a powerful figure in San Diego. Biological father of Marà ­a Clara, as he takes adva ntage of Doà ±a Pia, mother of Marà ­a Clara and wife of Capità ¡n Tiago * Padre Salvà ­ is the new parish priest of San Diego, who lusts after Maria Clara. * Elà ­as, a common laborer whose family has suffered much, dreams of revolution. He may be said to represent another side of Rizal. * Pilosopong Tasio is an old man who received an excellent education in his youth but was persuaded into discontinuing his studies, which he was told would lead him away from his faith. The character is based on Rizal’s older brother, Paciano. * Sisa is the mother of two young boys who disappear. With her mother love, her grief and her frustration, she is thought to represent the suffering motherland. * Crispà ­n- brother of Basilio. Dies at the hands of the â€Å"sacristan mayor† and Padre Salvà ­. * Basilio- brother of Crispà ­n and son of Sisa and Pedro. Last person to see Elà ­as alive. * Capità ¡n Santiago de los Santos – also known as Capitan Tiago, he accepts Marà ­a Clara as his own daughter. * Doà ±a Victorina is a native woman who desperately tries to look like a Spaniard. She was so determined to marry a Spaniard that she was willing to settle, late in life, for a toothless stuttering man. She convinces him to pretend to be a doctor to raise their status and society. * Don Tiburcio is a former customs official who pretended to be a prestigious medical doctor in town as his bread and butter. He is the lame, stuttering husband of Doà ±a Victorina. * Doà ±a Consolacià ³n is the muse of the cuartel. She is the violent wife of the Alferez and has treated Sisa cruelly. * Alfonso Linares is the godson of Padre Damaso and a distant cousin of Don Tiburcio from Spain. He is hard pressed to be Maria Clara’s fiance instead of Ibarra. * Padre Sibyla is a Dominican friar who is the curate of Binondo. His character is a stark contrast to that of Padre Da maso. PROBLEM: There was a cancer in the time of our national hero Jose Rizal that he elaborately depicted through his novel â€Å"Noli Me Tangere,† metastasized in every fiber of Philippine society back then, having its roots in the prolonged oppression of the Filipinos by our Spanish colonizers. Today, we see cancer in the Philippines again, and our people and environment have shriveled badly from this cancer, which is on its terminal stage. What is the main problem with the Philippines? Put in another way, what is Philippine society’s cancer today? The main problem with the Philippines can be seen from the perspectives of different sectors; and thus, there can be many answers to this question. From the point of view of the citizens, the main problem is the dirty politics of traditional politicians. There is no end to election fraud and accusations of election fraud. Then there are also politicians in power who bicker and accuse endlessly. Some even kill their political opponents, and the murders they commit to keep themselves in power are barbaric. Thus, our nation is in a constant mode of being destabilized from all sides – from those in power and those who are not in power. From the point of view of entrepreneurs or the market, the main problem is graft and corruption in government offices. It has become abnormal not to pay â€Å"under-the-table† to get a business permit or a government clearance. From the point of view of politicians, the main problem is a personality-based politics, wherein celebrities without any platform nor preparation for public service win by a landslide at the polls and end up mismanaging their public office and the public funds. From the point of view of public administration employees or civil servants, the main problem is their low pay such that they need to earn extra from extortions and sideline-selling to adequately provide for their families. From the point of view of the Church, the main problem is the Government’s interference on matters of faith as it pushes bills that undermine morality and one’s religious beliefs, although advocates of those bills see them as timely remedies to socio-economic problems. Just like the Indian tale of â€Å"The Blind Men and The Elephant,† wherein not one of the six blindmen saw the elephant, but rather one claimed it was a wall, another a spear, another a snake, another a tree, another a fan, and the last one a rope, because each of them experienced only a part of the elephant and not its entirety, so also each sector of our society see but facets and symptoms of the cancer that has kept us way behind the nations that used to learn at our heels. What is our cancer? What cannot we touch? Rizal’s writings and martyrdom sparked the hearts of the Filipinos towards a fight for freedom from our foreign oppressors. But ironically, whereas our people’s struggles before were against foreign domination, our modern-day â€Å"Noli Me Tangere† is about the Filipinos’ struggle against fellow Filipinos entrusted with the role to lead and serve the nation. This is our cancer today: Filipinos are against fellow Filipinos. MESSAGE: Noli Me Tangere or Touch Me Not†¦ was the a controversial novel of Rizal aside from the predicaments he encountered just to publish this novel. He did it to ridicule the friars and let the Filipinos be awoke of the oppression and learn to fight. It contained all the immoralities of the spaniards. So I think the messege we can get from it is learn how to fight in a peaceful manner, fighting doesnt need a bolos, a sumpit or lantakas but it can also be possible using your pen, your wisdom. As a Filipino we should learn to be united in deeds and be educated and learn to argue rationally.

A Interview At The Neptune Police Department Essay

Introduction The name of my interviewee is James Robert MacConchie. He works for the Neptune Police Department, in Neptune New Jersey. He is a member of the police force from my hometown, this is how I was able to get this interviewee. Over Thanksgiving break, I had the opportunity to interview Mr. MacConchie in person. The interview took place at the Neptune police station on the 22nd of November. I went into the interview not knowing anything about my interviewee, so it was very interesting to learn about this officer and how he feels about topics relating to his job. Personal Information To start off the interview, I asked Mr. MacConchie some personal questions that I though might be beneficial to making the interview more personal and interesting. I first asked him how old he was, which he replied with 29. I then asked if he was married and if he had any kids. He replied with yes, he’s been married for 4 years, and has two daughters, ages one and two. I thought that this would make the conversation easier when talking later about the aspects of his job relating it to family. I then began to ask if he was a sworn law enforcement officer/agent, he replied with â€Å"yes, my current position is an undercover police officer. This entitles me to wear street clothes, while I am on the job.† As the conversation went on, I learned that he has been in the current position for about a year. Before transitioning to this position, he had originally been a traffic officer for threeShow MoreRelatedProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |   860 Pagesper-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the Web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, e-mail: permcoordinator@wiley.com. Limit of LiabilityDisclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparingRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 PagesPort Harcourt, located in the mouth of the Niger River. When the Hesseltine crossed the equator, Hughes shipmates initiated him as a Son of Neptune. Father Neptune, the ships carpenter, wore a wooden crown and a fake beard. Shipmates shaved Hughes head, baptized him with oil from the ships tank, and presented him with of an official Son of Neptune certificate. The freighter steamed ninety miles up the Congo River, deep into Belgian territory, where Hughes observed black soldiers withRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesupdated: April 26, 2016 Logical Reasoning Bradley H. Dowden Philosophy Department California State University Sacramento Sacramento, CA 95819 USA ii iii Preface Copyright  © 2011-14 by Bradley H. Dowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions:Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesauthorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, (201)748-6011, fax (201)748-6008, website http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. To order books or for customer service please, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). Library of Congress

The Exclusion Of Women During The Meiji Period - 1524 Words

Women could be empowered by their role in the kitchen, as it could be seen as a mission â€Å"that transcended petty partisan politics.† The exclusion of women from politics is oppressive in the way that it paints them as incapable, and also forces women into a narrowly defined role not allowing for anything else. On the other hand, their exclusion can be justified by the fact that they are respected enough to have important duties, rather than by a negative judgement of their physical or mental capacity. Women were excluded from politics, and were instead expected to be good mothers and wives, pushing them further into the kitchen in Japanese history, and these restrictions can be seen as contrasting views of oppression and empowerment.†¦show more content†¦In turn, the Japanese government raised expectations of women and their role as mothers to serve the nation and the wartime effort; Helen Lee sums up that â€Å"the home and motherhood were central vehicles for the building and management of the japanese empire.† Japan’s power-hungry imperialist attitude demanded the main goal of any Japanese citizen to be service to the government and the empire [capitalize empire ever]. In Korea specifically, the government wanted to eradicate indigenous cultures and uproot the cultural identity of the Koreans, forcing them to be loyal to Japan, going as far as forcing the use of the Japanese language, and mandating name changes, which a majority of Koreans actually complied with. 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The Construction Process Of Gender - 3094 Words

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E-Marketing Strategy Free Essays

E-marketing is an effective tool to establish and strength the corporate brand image. The brand relation can be strengthened by online presence (through website and services) with an aim to retain the customers and eliminate the price factor. More and more people are using net which is creating great potential for online business. We will write a custom essay sample on E-Marketing Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now A brand expressed the hopes and expectations of customers. The online presence of an established brand also requires such criterions where customers expect some thing different than every day website. For an well known brand, it is not just dumping information online, but establishing communication, telling the visitors clearly; what is company about and what it stand for? Pepsi is successful in conveying that image. Its website www. pepsi. com is filled with many innovative features to capture the attention of visitors. The E-marketing strategy is based on the similar principals as traditional marketing 4P’s (Product, Price, Promotion and Position); however online marketing needs some additional P’s (People, Process, and Proof). E-marketing is the extended form of traditional marketing requiring the synthesis of the following factors; Personalization, Privacy and Security, Customer Service, Site, Sales Promotion. These functions allow managers to further their businesses online. (a) Personalization The basic concept behind the personalization is to understand a certain customer and establish relation. Thus the vital issue is to gather information about customer and then develop personalized products and services. For example Amazon asks the customers to make an account; where customer provides information about themselves. Based on this customer information, every time a customer logs in, products related to customer interests automatically pops up. This strategy works two ways; it allows the marketers to target individuals on personal level; and on the other hand it allows individual customers to go no further, but find product right in front of their eyes. (b) Privacy and Security Privacy is related to personalization. When businesses gathers information and store this customer information; the crucial issue is to make it safe. A major task of e-marketing strategy is to develop policy or guide lines for gathering information and keep this information private and confidential. Another crucial issue is security. Any transaction performed on the websites becomes the responsibly of the business and to ensure that no outsider is able to access the information. Thus a wise marketer will convey clear and convincing the customers that their provided data is safe hands. (c) Customer Service Like any traditional business, customer service is an essential part of e-business. Good customer service is a key to gain loyalty form the customers. Compared to traditional service online shoppers can come from anywhere in the world with different time zones; providing 24/7 customer service in crucial. One example is precisionreservation. com which provides online (hotel) booking to travelers. The booking is done automatically, while the copy of booking is sent via email. In case of any question, live support is available 24/7 through online customer service. Such excellent strategy allows the customers service to reach customers in real-time. d) Site E-marketing interaction takes place online on digital location which is called site. This location /site have to be available 24/7 and should have the infrastructure to support the number of visitors it receives each day. For any online business, the name should be very clear and should not be confused with any other name. The site should not have any resemblance to any other brand or any other business which makes t he customers confused. Any such resemblance is considered unethical practice and has severe consequences. Another issue is scalability; Amazon receives million of visitors with hundreds of orders each day. Amazon is able to meet the growing number of customers orders as its website has the vital infrastructure for its growing number of customers. (e) Promotions In any effective marketing campaigns, sales promotions are crucial. While developing an e-marketing strategy it is essential to develop online sales promotions targeted at shoppers. The target of any promotion is not long term sales, but achieving immediate goals (in term of volumes). Other than traditional methods; such as discount marketing manger needs to understand the latest technology well enough to exploit it. For example; doing promotions through RSS, which instead of news letter provides almost live data on day- to- day basis. It is very easy for online shoppers to compare the price before they make purchase; which makes it inevitable to check the competitors prices and promotions before starting any campaign. Conclusion For companies who already have established brands need to reach to the online consumers through consistent advertising to enhance their corporate image. One easy way is use the search engines; such as Yahoo and Google who offer relevant add with the queries surfers are seeking. This strategy helps in reaching old and new customers more effectively rather than waiting for customers. E-marketing needs new dimension to be considered compared with traditional marketing, even though e-marketing is evolved from traditional marketing. However such concepts revolve around the principal where customer and business can reach each other in a meaningful way. 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Organisations Namely Airbus Qantas Airways-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Organisations Namely Airbus Qantas Airways? Answer: Introduction The study has been able to consider the two organisations namely Airbus and Qantas Airways. This Airbus organization has been considered as leader in aerospace industry. The main operations of the company have been further seen to be associated to the company based on the design deliverables associated to the aero space products. The company is further seen to consider the manufacturing and design process at a global scale. As the company has been further considered as the leader in commercial aircraft, it has been recognized with the largest space and aeronautics organization in Europe across the world. It has been further observed that the company has been seen to be considered as European heritage and situated in 180 locations with 12,000 direct suppliers located globally. The final consideration for the assembly lines is seen to base on the aircraft and helicopter operations located in Europe, Asia and America. Till date it has been seen that the company has been able to generate total revenue of 66.66 bn in 2016. This has been further identified with a total increase of 3% in compare to 2014 (Airbusgroup. 2017). The operations of Qantas Airways have been identified as a flagship airline carrier in the world in the international destinations. This has been further seen to be considered based on the destinations, size of the fleet and international flight. The airline operator has been further has been further regarded as the third oldest airline carrier preceding KLM and Avaianca. Some of the main consideration of the Company has been seen to be operational based on the operations of 1920. The company has been first seen to start its operations in 1920 and took its first business flight in the year 1935. The operations of Qantas have been seen to locate in the suburb of Mascot along with the main hub being located in Sydney Airport. The primary subsidiaries of the company have been seen to be considered within Australia under Qantas Link (Qantas.com. 2017). The main consideration made in the report has been able to address on the aim for both the organizations. The important considerations made in the report have been showed based on customer benefit package and value chain analysis. The important aspects of the study has been further able to show the different types of the considerations made in the report related to the strategic vision and operational strategy. Findings: The company has been used to understand the various benefits of the customers and the organizations as an individual. It has been further able to focus on the value chain with various benefits and drawbacks. Customer Benefits Package: The customer analysis has been based on understanding the important aspects of individual organization and benefits of the customers. It has been further bale to focus on the sub section of operation management and considered two important business aspects (Turegeldinova 2014). The various types of results associated to the study have been further able to state that Airbus has been recognised popularly globally. The appreciation from customer and the loyalty has been able to gain considerable customer appreciation even during recession and the various types of downswing in the economy. In some of the other regions apart from Australia, the customers of Airbus have been seen to be most satisfied in nature. Airbus is seen to launch store card for accessing the various customer information and automatic rewards, additional cards has been able to consider for the supplies to Singapore Airlines, Emirates, and Qantas. It has been regarded as self service of Airbus. This consideration has been related to the protection of the lost cards. This has been also regarded as the due convenience of the customers and has been able to launch store card for accessing of customer information. This has been further seen to comprise of various types of automatic rewards and add itional cards considers the supplies to other airline operators (Watson et al. 2015). Qantas Airways has been able to contribute significantly in terms of economy in Australia and the customers have been able to get benefited with the operations. The airline company has been seen to supply different types of provisions for economic flight fares along with various types of special facilities. There was company has been further seen as a greater connectivity to the portfolio, standardise improvement and safety of the passengers. So the other types of benefits of the company have been seen to improve the customer loyalty and employees at the same time (Wu, Guo and Shi 2013). Value Chain Design: This design has been based on the various types of vital aspects such as company structure and in understanding the different types of internal activities of particular firm. The depression of the value chain for Airbus is seen to be based on providing the best services and supplies to its customers. Figure 1: Overview of Value Chain of Airbus (Source: Fujitsu.com. (2017) Figure 2: Supply Chain process of Airbus (Source: Airtn.eu. 2017) The activities associated to the Airbus value chain has been able to concentrate on convenient customer experience. It has been further seen that the main function of the value chain has been seen to be based on the following factors: In-bound logistics The inbound logistics is fully seen to be managed by Airbus as the company has fully taken the responsibility of owning the products. It has been further seen that the company is able to successfully control the distribution of the various associated products (Andreassen and Lindestad 1998). Procurement and logistics: The different types of stringent laws associated to the company have been further able to concentrate on the reduction of issues associated to the produce. In addition to this, the suppliers are seen to be trusted with the various types of activities which involve labelling and packaging of the materials. The value chain of Qantas Airways has considered various cost efficiencies for the overall implementation of different opportunities. Considering the varying demands of the customers at Qantas Airways there has been always a latent capacity identified which is increasing (Javad Kabir et al. 2013). Figure 3: Qantas Airways Value Chain Source: (Aircraftit.com. 2017) The significant degree of flexibility is needed to various types of onshore projects has been seen to be implemented based on technological advancements and the level of safety. Advantages The various types of noted benefits associated to Qantas Airways are listed below as follows: The flexible strategic tool used for overall business outlook has been fully considered The organisation is successful in assisting addressing of various types of existing problems SWOT analysis process has been customised There is a possibility of making industry value chain to grow Disadvantages: The various types of flexibility associated to the designated business needs to adapt to the overall value chain process It has been further observed that only a handful of the exports has been able to family arrived themselves with the value chain process The understanding of the different levels of the strategic scenarios has reduced over the years In several occasions it has been observed that the company has not maintained that appropriate business structure Analysis: Strategy and Strategic Vision: The important strategy considerations of Airbus are as follows Formation of single team building of cohesive strategy for brand promotion process announcement and cost reduction stores refreshment Updating of product offering The process associated to corporate planning of Qantas Airways has been further seen to consider the following principles which are stated below: Board ownership in terms of overview and strategic priorities Alignment and integration with consistency in the business formed with corporate plan Prompt the engagement of policies based on functions of marketing and a presence Formulation of strategy for short-term as well as long-term planning Enhancement of the overall impacts of short-term shocks and improving the robustness associated to the long-term events Competitive priorities: Some of the main considerations of Airbus are seen to be associated with rising number of rival forms such as Boeing, Bombardier, Mitsubishi, COMAC, Embraer and Irkut. However despite of the increasing competition Airbus remains a favourite among various airline operators. Due to the factors such as recession, efficient and partial prosperity of Airbus has not been seen to be getting affected. Moreover, the company is seen to be only high amount of loyalty to its customers (Germann et al. 2014). The primary source of the data associated to complete an advantage for Qantas Airways Qantas Airways has been found in economy and diversity of the flights. The main focus has been further given on reducing operating costs and improving on the core investment in customer service along with reducing the capital expenditure. Recommendations: The main recommendation to the Air has been seen to be on matters related to installation of A380s electrical systems in use aircraft carriers. It has been further asserted that the company should reduce the cash flow. The primary focus of the Airbus has been given to the suppliers and hence it should improve to regain the loyalty of those suppliers buy products at this price. Some of the other focus needs to be given on the various types of demands and development policy of Airbus. The main considerations of the company have been seen with delivering of new products with improved experience for the various types of airliners (Rikknen and Honkanen 2013). The main considerations for Qantas Airways have been seen to be associated with the villagers of production facilities along with its services. There are should further give emphasis on providing better service to the passengers and improve its existing amenities. In addition to giving economic flight the company should also emphasise on giving special facilities to the customers and build on customer loyalty programs. The aforementioned strategies will be conducive in increasing the overall profit margin and customer base of the company. The different types of dealerships of the company have been seen with various types of establishments with the renowned companies and this will be beneficial to the company in terms of minimising the cost (Miller and Mork 2013). Conclusion: The study has shown that both companies have been seen to fight global competition in an effective manner. The individual companies may consider the unique collaboration of services, customer base and special facilities. The prices of quantity levels and consumer goods have been seen to be worth emphasising on for global dominance. With much emphasis on Airbus it can be said that the company is effectively managing the sourcing of suppliers irrespective of its positioning in Australia. With different types of subsidiaries and provide economic flights it has been seen that Qantas should build on developing a fair to share its knowledge and continue building on the optimisation process. References Airbusgroup. (2017).About Airbus. [online] Available at: https://company.airbus.com/company/about-airbus.html [Accessed 8 Aug. 2017]. Aircraftit.com. (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.aircraftit.com/Uploads/ContentPages/CMS/Images/qantas%20business%20management%20system.png [Accessed 8 Aug. 2017]. Airtn.eu. (2017). [online] Available at: https://airtn.eu/wp-content/uploads/airtn-airbus-new-energies-presentation.pdf [Accessed 8 Aug. 2017]. Andreassen, T. W. and Lindestad, B. (1998) Customer loyalty and complex services: The impact of corporate image on quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty for customers with varying degrees of service expertise, International Journal of Service Industry Management, 9(1), pp. 723. doi: 10.1108/09564239810199923. Fujitsu.com. (2017).Visualizing the Value Chain [Airbus S.A.S.] : Fujitsu United States. [online] Available at: https://www.fujitsu.com/us/vision/customerstories/airbus/ [Accessed 8 Aug. 2017]. Germann, F., Lilien, G. L., Fiedler, L. and Kraus, M. (2014) Do Retailers Benefit from Deploying Customer Analytics?, Journal of Retailing, 90(4), pp. 587593. doi: 10.1016/j.jretai.2014.08.002. Javad Kabir, M., Vatankhah, S., Delgoshaei, B., Ravaghei, H., Jafari, N., Heidari, A., Behnampour, N., Reza Honarvar, M. and Etemad, K. (2013) Determinant criteria for designing Health benefit package in selected countries, Life Science Journal, pp. 13921403. Miller, H. G. and Mork, P. (2013) From data to decisions: A value chain for big data, IT Professional, 15(1), pp. 5759. doi: 10.1109/MITP.2013.11. Rikknen, J. and Honkanen, A. (2013) Does satisfaction with package tours lead to successful vacation experiences?, Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 2(2), pp. 108117. doi: 10.1016/j.jdmm.2013.03.002. Turegeldinova, A. Z. (2014) Analysis of the effectiveness of benefit package structure, Actual Problems of Economics, 151(1), pp. 383387. Watson, G. F., Beck, J. T., Henderson, C. M. and Palmatier, R. W. (2015) Building, measuring, and profiting from customer loyalty, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(6), pp. 790825. doi: 10.1007/s11747-015-0439-4. Wu, J., Guo, B. and Shi, Y. (2013) Customer knowledge management and IT-enabled business model innovation: A conceptual framework and a case study from China, European Management Journal, 31(4), pp. 359372. doi: 10.1016/j.emj.2013.02.001.

Question Bank free essay sample

What is Software Development Life Cycle? (SDLC) (2 mks) System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the overall process of developing information systems through a multi-step process from investigation of initial requirements through analysis, design, implementation and maintenance. b) Draw a diagram for pure waterfall life cycle. (5 mks) [pic] c)Explain the different phases involved in waterfall life cycle. (8 mks) Phase I – Modeling Phase In this phase we view the software product as part of a larger system or organization where the product is required. This is basically a system view where all the system elements are created. Phase II – Software Requirements Analysis Here we have a phase where the requirements are gathered. The information domain for the software is understood. The function, behaviour, performance and interfacing of the software are determined. The requirements of the software and the customer are decided upon. Phase III – Design This determines the data structures, the software architecture, the interface representations and the procedural (algorithmic) detail that goes into the software. We will write a custom essay sample on Question Bank or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Phase IV – Code Generation Here the actual programming is done to obtain the machine code; it is an implementation of the design. Phase V – Testing The testing is a process that goes hand in hand with the production of the machine code. There are a number of testing strategies. First unit testing is done and then integration testing. Alpha testing is to see if the software is as per the analysis model whereas beta testing is to see if the software is what the customer wanted. Phase VI – Installation The software is released to the customer. Phase VII Maintenance This is the largest phase of the software life cycle. Maintenance can be of different types: to modify the software as the requirements of the customer evolve, to remove the residual bugs in the software etc. 2)What is feasibility study? What are the contents we should contain in the feasibility report? (5 mks) A feasibility study is an initial look at an existing information processing system to decide how it might be computerized or improved. The contents that a feasibility report are: †¢ A statement of purpose of the system. †¢ A definition of system scope. †¢ A list of deficiencies of the current system. †¢ A statement of user requirements. The cost and benefits of development. †¢ A conclusion and recommendations. 3)What are the purposes of Data Flow diagrams, Entity-Relationship diagrams? Give an example diagram of each. (10 mks) Data Flow Diagrams Data Flow diagrams are a means of representing a system at any level of detail with a graphic network of symbols showing data flows, data stores, data processes, and data sources/destinations. The purpose of data flow diagrams is to provide a semantic bridge between users and systems developers. The diagrams are: †¢ Graphical Eliminating thousands of words; Logical representations Modeling WHAT a system does, rather than physical models showing HOW it does it †¢ Hierarchical showing systems at any level of detail; and †¢ Jargonless allowing user understanding and reviewing. [pic] Entity Relationship Diagram E-R Diagram is a graphical representation of the data layout of a system at a high level of abstraction. It defines data elements and their inter-relationships in the system [pic] 4)What is data modeling? Give 5 examples for data modeling. (5 mks) Data modeling is the act of exploring data-oriented structures. Like other modeling artifacts data models can be used for a variety of purposes, from high-level conceptual models to physical data models. From the point of view of an object-oriented developer, data modeling is conceptually similar to class modeling. With data modeling you identify entity types whereas with class modeling you identify classes. Data attributes are assigned to entity types just as you would assign attributes and operations to classes. Examples for data modeling include: †¢ Entity-Relationship diagrams †¢ Entity-Definition reports †¢ Entity and attributes report †¢ Table definition report Relationships, inheritance, composition and aggregation. 5)What is the difference between SRS document and design document? What are the contents we should contain in the SRS document and design document. SRS Document SRS document is a contract between the development team and the customer. Once the SRS document is approved by the customer, any subsequent controversies are settled by referring the SRS document. SRS document defines the customer’s requirements in terms of Functions, performance, external interfaces and design constraints. SRS Includes: †¢ Functional †¢ Non functional User †¢ Interface †¢ System Design Document The purpose of a design is to describe how the enhancements will be incorporated into the existing project. It should contain samples of the finished product. This could include navigational mechanism screenshots, example reports, and component diagrams. Design Includes: †¢ E-R Diagrams †¢ Data flow diagrams †¢ Data Dictionary 6)Explain all the phases involved in the implementation phase. (10 mks) Conduct system Test In this test software packages and in – house programs have been installed and tested, we need to conduct a final system test. All software packages, custom- built programs, and many existing programs that comprise the new system must be tested to ensure that they all work together This task involves analysts, owners, users, and builders. Prepare Conversion Plan On successful completion of system test, we can begin preparations to place the new system into operation. Using the design specifications for the new system, the system analyst will develop a detailed conversion plan. This plan will identify Database to be installed, end – user training and documentation that needed to be developed, and a strategy for converting from the old system to the new system. The conversion plan may include one of the following commonly used installation strategies 1)  Abrupt Cut-over 2)  Parallel Conversion 3)  Location Conversion 4) Staged Conversion Install Databases In the previous phase we built and tested the database. To place the system into operation we need fully loaded databases. The purpose of this task is to populate the new systems databases with existing database from the old system. System builders play a primary role in this activity. Train Users Converting to a new system necessitates that system users be trained and provided with documentation that guides them through using the new system. Training can be performed one on one; however group training is preferred. This task will be completed by the system analysts and involves system owners and users. Convert to New System Conversion to the new system from old system is a significant milestone. After conversion, the ownership of the system officially transfers from the analysts and programmers to the end users. The analyst completes this task by carrying out the conversion plan Recall that the conversion plan includes detailed installation strategies to follow for converting from the existing to the new production information system. This task involves the system owners, users, analysts, designers, and builders. 7)List and explain different types of testing done during the testing phase. (10 mks) Unit Involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal program logic is functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All decision branches and internal code flow should be validated. Unit testing involves the use of debugging technology and testing techniques at an application component level and is typically the responsibility of the developers, not the QA staff. Integration As the system is integrated, it is tested by the system developer for specification compliance. †¢Concerned with testing the system as it is integrated from its components †¢Integration testing is normally the most expensive activity in the systems integration process †¢Should focus on: †¢Interface testing where the interactions between sub-systems and components are tested †¢Property testing where system properties such as reliability, performance and usability are tested System Testing the system as a whole to validate that it meets its specification and the objectives of its users. The testing of a complete system prior to delivery. The purpose of system testing is to identify defects that will only surface when a complete system is assembled. That is, defects that cannot be attributed to individual components or the interaction between two components. System testing includes testing of performance, security, configuration sensitivity, startup and recovery from failure modes. Involves test cases designed to validate that an application and its supporting hardware/software components are properly processing business data and transactions. System testing requires the use of regression testing techniques to validate that business functions are meeting defined requirements. Black Box This is testing without knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested. For example, when black box testing is applied to software engineering, the tester would only know the legal inputs and what the expected outputs should be, but not how the program actually arrives at those outputs. It is because of this that black box testing can be considered testing with respect to the specifications, no other knowledge of the program is necessary. For this reason, the tester and the programmer can be independent of one another, avoiding programmer bias toward his own work. White Box Also known as glass box, structural, clear box and open box testing. White Box is a software testing technique whereby explicit knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested are used to select the test data. Unlike Black Box testing, white box testing uses specific knowledge of programming code to examine outputs. The test is accurate only if the tester knows what the program is supposed to do. He or she can then see if the program diverges from its intended goal. White box testing does not account for errors caused by omission, and all visible code must also be readable. 8)List and explain all the phases involved in the construction phase. (10 mks) Build and Test Networks †¢ In many cases new or enhanced applications are built around existing networks. If so there is no problem. †¢ However if the new application calls for new or modified networks they must normally be implemented before building and testing databases and writing or installing computer programs that will use those networks. This phase involves analysts, designers and builders †¢ A network designer and network administrator assume the primary responsibility for completing this task. Build and Test Databases †¢ This task must immediately precede other programming activities because databases are the resource shared by the computer programs to be written. If new or modified databases are required for the new system, we can now build and test those databases. †¢ This task involves system users, analysts, designers, and builders. †¢ The same system specialist that designed the database will assume the primary responsibility in completing this task Install and Test New Software Packages †¢ Some systems solutions may have required the purchase or lease of software packages. If so, once networks and databases for the new system have been built, we can install and test the new software. †¢ This activity typically involves systems analysts, Designers, builders, vendors and consultants. Write and Test New Programs †¢ In this phase we are ready to develop any programs for the new system. Prototype programs are frequently constructed in the design phase. However, these prototypes are rarely fully functional or incomplete. This task involves the system analysts, designers and builders. 9)What is data conversion? Why is it necessary? Data Conversion is the changing of the data structure to accommodate new or different needs for the data. Different operating systems have different application software, and each application normally has its own internal way of saving data. There are some standards such as CSV files for databases and RTF files for word processing text, however, these are few and far between and often only save the basic information rather than the full structure. 10)What is change management? Computer based systems are dynamic. As the business Environment changes, there is a need of some changes to the information system. The changes occur not only during the study, design, and development phases of the life cycle of the system. In this process there are two elements that are essential to the management of change. †¢ The performance review board, which can make management–level decisions about system modifications. †¢ Baseline documentation, which can be referred to, to determine the extent and impact of proposed modifications. 11)What is user acceptance testing? Explain different testings in user acceptance testing. Why is it necessary? User Acceptance Testing is a phase of software development in which the software is tested in the real world by the intended audience. Different testings are: Alpha Testing Alpha testing is the software prototype stage when the software is first able to run. It will not have all the intended functionality, but it will have core functions and will be able to accept inputs and generate outputs. An alpha test usually takes place in the developers offices on a separate system. Beta Testing The beta phase of software design exposes a new product, which has just emerged from in-house (alpha) testing, to a large number of real people, real hardware, and real usage. Beta testing is not a method of getting free software long-term, because the software expires shortly after the testing period. User acceptance testing is used to know if the system is working or not (both clients in-house) 12)What are functional and non-functional requirements? Functional †¢ How the system should react to the particular inputs †¢ How the system should behave to the particular situations †¢ What the system should not do Non functional †¢ Constraints on the services or functions †¢ Time constraints †¢ Constraints on the development process 13)Explain the steps involved in the prototyping 1. Define the goal and purpose of the prototyping. 2. Make plans for iterations (number, range) and evaluations (dates). 3. Transform the conceptual design to a first outline of the user interface and a first synopsis for the users’ information. 4. Design the paper prototype. 5. Let domain experts review the paper prototype regarding completeness and correctness. 6. Test the prototype’s usability.